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Friendly Alert

Discover the rich history of Native American music through various texts and scholarly works from pre-Civil War to post-Civil War eras. Learn about cultural perceptions, challenges in music collection, and influential scholars in the field.

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Friendly Alert

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Friendly Alert Instructions for the“Music Description Project”are now postedon the course web site

  2. North American Native Tribes

  3. Pre-Civil War Observers • Lewis Cass (1782-1866) [explorer - Michigan]- describes Indian recruiting song (utilitarian) (1822) • Henry Schoolcraft (1793-1864) [Indian agent]- Indian Tribes of the United States (1846) [for Congress]- Ojibwa “Death Song” (conflated texts) (1845) • George Copway [Objibwa] (1818-69) - “Dream Song” (1847) [in memoir]- The Traditional History… of the Ojibway Nation (1851) • Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-82)- The Song of Hiawatha (1855)

  4. Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show

  5. Re-enactment = Romanticization

  6. Indians in Popular Culture

  7. Indian Music • Problems in collection and understanding • Limited / (very) incomplete data • Artificial (staged) vs. Natural (in situ)- fails to account for actual use of music • Native vs. non-native perception- see Chapter 1 (p. 23) on earliest European views • Transcription into European notation- forced into Western theoretical models- pitch & intonation issues • “Savages” vs. “Noble Redskin” (both false)

  8. Post-Civil War Scholarship • Theodore Baker (1851-1934) - “Über die Musik der nordamerikanischen Wilden” (Leipzig, 1882) • Alice C. Fletcher (1838-1923), Anthropologist- Field work in Nebraska (1893 and later)- The Omaha Tribe (1911)- Importance of music in rituals/ceremonies • Library of Congress- Alice C. Fletcher- Omaha Indian Music

  9. Recording Indian Songs • Edison Cylinder Machine (used since 1890) • Alice C. Fletcher (c. 1893 on)- but claimed to prefer transcription • Ex. “Ritual of the Maize” (1893) • Francis Densmore (1867-1957)- recorded 1907-1957 • “A Buffalo Said to Me” (LG 7.1) (p. 147)

  10. Alice C. FletcherNebraska (1880s?)

  11. Frances Densmore Fieldwork(South Dakota?)

  12. Arthur Farwell (1872-1952) • Born in Minnesota • Engineering at M.I.T. • Music study in Boston& Germany • “Indianist” composer • Wa-Wan Press (1901) • Ex. Arthur Farwell American Indian Melodies op. 11

  13. Folk Music • Ethnic Nationalism- (determined by) language, geography, religion, customs • Music as a cultural artifact • Folksong as the product of a “country” (no single creator) • “Das Volk” (The People) • Scientific study/collecting Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803)

  14. Anglo-Celtic Ballads • Traditional music from the British Isles • Disseminated chiefly in Appalachian Mountains • Ballads – storytelling songs (strophic) • Oral Tradition – never written down

  15. Child Ballads • Francis James Child (1825-96)- American scholar of English Language- Collector of song texts • The English and Scottish Popular Ballads (1882-1898) - 305 Ballads w/ multiple variants • The Child Ballads: 200. The Gypsy Laddie • “Gypsy Laddie” – Jean Ritchie • “Black Jack Daisy” (LG 7.2) (p. 151-2) • Cecil Sharp (1859-1924)- English Folk Song Society (1898)- “…something primitive and genuine…”

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