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Urban American

Urban American. Section 6.2 Urbanization(Appleby 222-227). Today’s Agenda. Library Research crew Family Tree Begin Urbanization Section 6.2 (Appleby 222-227) Homework Read your library sources. Review. Why did immigrants come to America at the turn of the 20 th Century?

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Urban American

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  1. Urban American Section 6.2 Urbanization(Appleby 222-227)

  2. Today’s Agenda • Library Research crew • Family Tree • Begin Urbanization • Section 6.2 (Appleby 222-227) • Homework • Read your library sources

  3. Review • Why did immigrants come to America at the turn of the 20th Century? • From where did they come? How was this different from before? • How did some Americans view them? Examples

  4. We learned about how immigrants who came to America seeking the American Dream. What was life like for them? In what environment did they find themselves?

  5. What caused America to urbanize? Urbanization Transformation of population from country to city dwellers • Technology • Train, Electric trolley car • allowed cities to expand • Steam powered engines • Factories moved to cities • Mechanization & Automation • machines replaced manual labor, animals, skilled craftsmen • Employment • Where the jobs were (factories) • Creature Comforts • Entertainment, stores, electricity, indoor plumbing • Immigration (25 million) (1890-WWI)

  6. Urban Crime 24-28 min

  7. What problems did new immigrants face? • Poverty/Crime • Jobs paid too little to support family • $445 annually • Often required entire family to work • No gov. “safety nets” • Gambling, extortion, prostitution ubiquitous • Inadequate services • Few Police, Firefighters not reliable • Inadequate sanitation system • Raw sewage, manure and trash thrown • Unsafe drinking water • Overcrowded Conditions • 40 thousand in 17 block area of Little Italy • Tenement apartments packed

  8. Urban Conditions 31-34:13

  9. Today’s Agenda • Review Essay/ Presentation Project • Review • Continue Urbanization • Homework • Work on your Essay or Presentation

  10. What is a tenement? • Overcrowded apartment building • brick building from four to six stories high • 1 bathroom shared by multiple families • Often had a liquor store on 1st floor • Known for squalid, unhealthy conditions

  11. Describe the conditions of the slums. • High murder rate • High rate of alcoholism • High infant/child mortality rate • Nearly 7 out of 10 died by age 5 • Rats, trash, smell ubiquitous • Both parents and children over 5 worked from 6 AM to 8 or 9 PM 6 days a week

  12. Describe the political corruption that emerged as a result of urbanization. • Political Machines • Organization that controlled jobs, contracts, city services by corruptly influencing elections & government • Used police or gangs to instill fear • Provided jobs & protection to poor in return for votes • Tammany Hall • Most infamous political machine in NY • George Washington Plunkitt • Member of NY State Assembly • Used inside information to make huge profits on real estate

  13. Define Muckraker and describe their methods. • Investigative journalists who exposed the “dirt” of society • Wanted to raise the consciousness of middle class • Photojournalism • Used photography to graphically expose conditions in tenements, factories

  14. Urban Conditions 28-34

  15. Who was Jacob Riis? • Immigrant from Denmark • So poor he often lodged at police station • Got job as photographer covering police activities • Became a Muckraker • Published How the Other Half Lives • "poor were the victims rather than the makers of their fate“ • Sold 28 million copies • Wanted to make middle class aware of abject poverty, condition of cities in America • Results • Tenements closed • Indoor plumbing becomes commonplace in NYC • Schools forced to install playgrounds

  16. What words come to mind when you see these photographs? Jacob Riis, Children sleepingin Mulberry Street (1890) Jacob Riis, Bandits' Roost (1890)

  17. Who was Lewis Hine? • A Muckraker • Pioneer of documentary photography • Focused of Child Labor • Careful not to exaggerate photos • Posed as fire inspector to get access to factories • Led to Keating-Owen Act (1916) • Placed limits on employment of children under 14 in factories and shops

  18. Hypothesize about the public’s reaction to the to the photos.

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