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Students will u nderstand that...

Students will u nderstand that. No one can under any circumstance claim for himself the right directly to destroy an innocent human being (CCC 2258). Peace is the work of justice and the effect of charity (CCC 2304).

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Students will u nderstand that...

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  1. Students will understand that... • No one can under any circumstance claim for himself the right directly to destroy an innocent human being (CCC 2258). • Peace is the work of justice and the effect of charity (CCC 2304). • That the human experience of suffering and death is understood by Christians in terms of moral evil and human sinfulness in light of God’s loving salvation in Christ Jesus. • “Peace is not merely the absence of war…Instead, it is rightly and appropriately called an enterprise of justice” (Gaudium et Spes, #78).

  2. Essential Questions • What does it mean to be a peacemaker? • What does “thou shalt not kill” mean? • Is pacifism or nonviolence and overly idealistic, or even dangerous, ethical philosophy?

  3. What is Peace? • Brainstorm

  4. What does it mean to make peace? • As an individual? • As a group of friends? • As a nation? • As a world?

  5. Blessed are the Peacemakers 4 Approaches to Cultivating International Peace

  6. Militarism • Advocates the use of “righteous violence” to resolve conflicts • Involves a crusading spirit • A need to view conflicts from a position of strength • Might makes right • “Pax Americana” • www.youtube.com/watch?v=-tG9_vyXLhA#t=4m14s

  7. Justice and Peace • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AG2PwhT0TDc&feature=related#t=1m52s • Kennedy says “total war makes no sense.” What does he mean by this? • What does Kennedy mean by peace? • What does Kennedy say the goal of military involvement should be? • What is the best way to achieve that?

  8. Pacifism • The belief that war and violence are unjustifiable under any circumstances, and that all disputes should be settled by peaceful means. • The refusal to participate in war or military service because of such a belief.

  9. Camilo Mejia • Nicaraguan-American • Went to a Jesuit high school in Nicaragua • Entered army in 1995 to get scholarship money for college (government loans were denied). • In Dec. 2002, he was 1 semester away from graduating with a BA in Psychology • In the spring of 2003, he was shipped to Iraq • In late 2003, while on furlough, he deserted. • In March 2004, he turned himself in, applied for conscientious objector status, and was sent to prison. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZL9gUoHf58c • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_pt9ccupIoE

  10. Camilo Mejia • What led Mejia to enter the military? • What led him to go AWOL?

  11. Joshua Casteel • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fM8jjqxtSpY • What led Joshua to become a soldier? • What led Joshua to become a pacifist?

  12. Just War doctrine • Developed by St. Augustine (early 5th c.) • More fully developed by St. Thomas Aquinas (13th c.) • Outlined by the US Catholic Bishops in 1983 • “The moral theory of the "just war“…begins with the presumption which binds all Christians: we should do no harm to our neighbors… and the possibility of taking even one human life is a prospect we should consider in fear and trembling” (Challenge of Peace, 80).

  13. Jus Ad Bellum • Right to war • Why and When war is permissible. • A.) Just Cause- real and certain danger • B.) Competent Authority- declared by those responsible for social order • C.) Comparative Justice- do the rights and values involved justify killing? • D.) Right Intention • E.) Last Resort • F.) Probability of Success • G.) Proportionality- damage inflicted must be proportionate to the good inflicted.

  14. Jus in Bello • Distinction • Between combatants and non-combatants • Between military targets and non-military targets • Proportionality • Among specific military options • EG: arms race

  15. Jus Post Bellum • A fairly new idea • Guiding tenant: Just cause

  16. Application of Just War Theory • Was our involvement in Iraq just? • Afghanistan? • Libya? • Vietnam? • World War II?

  17. Thou Shalt Not Kill • What does this mean? • Ratsachrefers to unlawful killing. • So thou shalt not kill unless explicitly told to do so by Scripture. • What might that mean for today?

  18. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. • b. 1929 as Michael King, Jr. • BA in Sociology from Morehouse college at age 19 • Bachelors- Divinity from Crozer Theological Seminary at age 22 • PhD in Theology from Boston University at age 26. • Montgomery Bus Boycott and Rosa Parks • Founded Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) • Led nonviolent movements across the south and, eventually, the country • Assasinated in Memphis Tennessee in 1968, supposedly by James Early Ray • King family believes otherwise. • In 1976, the House Select Committee on Assassinations found “a likelihood” that this involved a conspiracy.

  19. Active Nonviolence An Experiment in Love

  20. 1. Active, not passive • “Not a method for cowards.” –King • “If cowardice is the only alternative to violence, it is better to fight.” –Gandhi • Not passive non-resistance to evil. • Active nonviolent resistance to evil • Involves vulnerability, which can be scary.

  21. 2. Goal is Love • Nonviolence seeks to win friendship and understanding • Doesn’t seek to defeat or humiliate opponent • Sometimes attempts to awaken a sense of moral shame in the opponent. • The end is redemption and reconciliation.

  22. 2. Goal is Love • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9EXXXq6W8Ds&feature=related

  23. 3. Directed against evil, not people doing evil. • “The tension…is not between white people and Negro people. The tension is, at bottom, between justice and injustice, between the forces of light and the forces of darkness.” –King • “We are out to defeat injustice and not white persons who may be unjust.” –King • Victory is not of nonviolent resistors over oppressors • Victory is for everyone. Victory is justice.

  24. 4. Willingness to accept suffering without retaliation • “Rivers of blood may have to flow before we gain our freedom, but it must be our blood.” –Gandhi • Must be willing to accept violence, but never to inflict it. • Must be willing to accept jail and enter it “as a bridegroom enters the bride’s chamber.”

  25. 5. Avoids violence: physical and spiritual • Don’t just avoid physical violence • Avoid internal anger and hate that leads to physical violence. • Hate breeds hate; violence breeds violence. • Agape or Caritas: Disinterested love in action. • “The best way to assure oneself that love is disinterested is to have love for the enemy-neighbor from whom you can expect no good in return, but only hostility and persecution.” –King

  26. 5. Avoids violence: physical and spiritual • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qe_YvVMkFEQ

  27. 6. The Universe is on the side of justice • “The arc of the universe is long, but it bends towards justice.” –King • Hopeful and faithful. • Believer in nonviolence has a deep faith in the future. • We accept violence because of what we know it will yield. • “Whether we call it an unconscious process, an impersonal Brahman, or a Personal Being of matchless power and infinite love, there is a creative force in this universe that works to bring the disconnected aspects of reality into a harmonious whole.” –King

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