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Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977

Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. Paleobiology 3: 115-151. Herhaling. " most evolutionary change is concentrated in rapid events of speciation in small, peripherally isolated populations".

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Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977

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  1. Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Herhaling • "most evolutionary change is concentrated in rapid events of speciation in small, peripherally isolated populations" • "the norm for a species … is morphological stasis" • "paleontologists have worn blinders … ignored gaps in the stratigraphic sequences … and evolutinaru stasis"

  2. John Wyatt Durham • Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Herhaling • Verpersoonlijking van de "vijand"

  3. Gryphaea "…Trueman rejoiced in Gryphaea, but never mentioned the hundreds of Liassic species that showed no temporal change … "

  4. Micraster "…Rowe monographed Micraster but spoke not a word about its legion of static colleagues in the English chalk … "

  5. "…Ziegler's celebrated study of the Silurian brachiopod Eocoelia … presents data for five characters. Three display a fluctuating pattern, one no trend at all, and the last a directional pattern. Only the last is graphed."

  6. Lepidolina multiseptata "…Ozawa measures nine characters … Four exhibit gradual trends; five do not. The first four are either graphed or listed in tables; the remaining five are discussed in qualitative terms only." Tomowo Ozawa

  7. Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Herhaling • Verpersoonlijking van de "vijand" • Review van empirische testen • Studies op verkeerde schaal • te kleine schaal ("neontologische" studies) • te grote schaal (graduele series van soorten)

  8. Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Herhaling • Verpersoonlijking van de "vijand" • Review van empirische testen • Studies op verkeerde schaal • Studies met ontoereikende data(-analyse) "…most cases presented as falsifications are circular because they rely upon the gradualistic presuppositions they claim to test…"

  9. Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Herhaling • Verpersoonlijking van de "vijand" • Review empirische testen • Studies op verkeerde schaal • Studies met ontoereikende data • Mogelijks "ware" gevallen van gradualisme ontworteling en reïnterpretatie

  10. Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Herhaling • Verpersoonlijking van de "vijand" • Review empirische testen • Studies op verkeerde schaal • Studies met ontoereikende data • Mogelijks "ware" gevallen van gradualisme • Studies die punctuated equilibria ondersteunen

  11. Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Herhaling • Verpersoonlijking van de "vijand" • Review empirische testen • Nieuwe ideeën • Species selection

  12. Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Herhaling • Verpersoonlijking van de "vijand" • Review empirische testen • Nieuwe ideeën • Species selection • relative ability to speciate, not morphological flexibility

  13. Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Herhaling • Verpersoonlijking van de "vijand" • Review empirische testen • Nieuwe ideeën • Species selection • relative ability to speciate, not morphological flexibility • "the need to translate micro to macroevolution guarantees that paleobiology shall provide essential theory"

  14. Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Herhaling • Verpersoonlijking van de "vijand" • Review empirische testen • Nieuwe ideeën • Politiek

  15. Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1993 • Punctuated equilibria comes of age. • Nature 366: 223-227. • Overwinning ! "punctuated equilibrium has been accepted by most of our colleagues … as a valuable addition to evolutionary theory"

  16. Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1993 • Punctuated equilibria comes of age. • Nature 366: 223-227. • Overwinning ! "misunderstandings of colleagues … who failed to grasp …"

  17. Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1993 • Punctuated equilibria comes of age. • Nature 366: 223-227. • Overwinning ! "the need to reformulate macroevolution, notably the key phenomenon of trends, as an accumulation of discrete speciation events treated as entities rather than undefinable segments of continua"

  18. Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1993 • Punctuated equilibria comes of age. • Nature 366: 223-227. • Overwinning ! • Macro-evolutie = species sorting "Most macroevolution must be rendered by asking what kinds of species … did better than other (speciated more frequently, survived longer) … "

  19. Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1993 • Punctuated equilibria comes of age. • Nature 366: 223-227. • Overwinning ! • Macro-evolution = species sorting • Implicaties • "levende fossielen" • "darwins" nonsensicaal • Cope's rule : kleine soorten speciëren sneller • gecorreleerde punctuaties

  20. Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1977 • Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. • Paleobiology 3: 115-151. • Gould S.J. & Eldredge N. 1993 • Punctuated equilibria comes of age. • Nature 366: 223-227. • Overwinning ! • Macro-evolution = species sorting • Implicaties • Empirische ondersteuning

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