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What is Science?

自然科學的教與學 — 從「科學故事」出發. Our Scientists – Ideas and Evidence How do scientists think and work in generating scientific knowledge?. What is Science?. 1. Common view on science:. Science is about: knowledge and facts with little reference to supporting evidence. 2. 3.

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What is Science?

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  1. 自然科學的教與學 — 從「科學故事」出發 Our Scientists – Ideas and Evidence How do scientists think and work in generating scientific knowledge? What is Science? 1

  2. Common view on science: Science is about: • knowledge and facts • with little reference to supporting evidence 2

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  4. Scientific literacy Scientific knowledge nature of scientific knowledge methods of science Nature of Science 4

  5. Historical development of scientific ideas • Should focus on • creative construction of ideas • evaluation of evidence 5

  6. Our Scientists – Ideas and Evidence 6

  7. Charles Kuen Kao 高錕 • Born in Shanghai (1933) • Moved to Hong Kong (1948) • St Joseph’s College • Woolwich Polytechnic (London) • London University (1965) • Standard Telephones & Cables (UK) and IT&T (USA) • CUHK (1970-74; 1987-96) • Nobel Prize (2009) 7

  8. Total internal reflection (S3 IS) 8

  9. 1966 Charles Kao & George HockhamAt the Institute of Electrical Engineers:Replace copper wire with optical fibre for telecommunication • lighter • cheaper • less loss • faster 9

  10. Light signals can only travel for a few metres in optical fibre Science vs Technology Use silica (SiO2) to make optical fibre 10

  11. A dream comes true: 11

  12. Read to Learn 12

  13. NOS involved: • How was the idea generated? • How to test the idea? • The human nature of a scientist 13

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  15. Alexander Bell – inventing the telephone Air vibration (sound) Vibration of a diaphragm Changing the resistance of a circuit Vibration of a metal foil to produce sound 15

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  17. Marconi – transmitting wireless signals The Titanic disaster (1912) - rescued by Carpathia (93 km away) 706 of total 2223 passengers saved 17

  18. Generation of an idea: Maxwell (1864) – electromagnetic waves Hertz (1888) – generated radio waves 18

  19. Marconi (1895)- using radio waves to transmit electrical signals • Success through repeated trials • Seeking financial support • (1901) Marconi sent a signal from England across the Atlantic to North America over 2100 miles. 19

  20. Childbed fever Semmelweis (1846) Health & Diseases 20

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  22. Key steps of scientific method 1. Make observations & ask questions 2. Put forward a hypothesis 3. Collect evidence – by experiments or other means 4. Analyse results & draw conclusions 22

  23. Microbes and disease The control of smallpox Marshall & control of peptic ulcer A case study of the spread of SARS in Hong Kong Other examples from Health & Diseases and Public Health Liberal Studies – using scientific inquiry to understand health and diseases 23

  24. Our Scientists – Ideas and Evidence • To go through the thinking process of our great scientists • To experience the joy and excitement in discovery • To inspire our students to develop an inquisitive attitude and investigative approach in the study of science • To dream the impossible dream 24

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