1 / 12

Aspects of Collaboration

Aspects of Collaboration. Srinivas Edala Andrew Snyder. Overview. Introduction Background Human to Human – Personal Issues Human to Human – Group Issues Human to Computer – Issues Examples References. Introduction. What is collaboration?

dory
Download Presentation

Aspects of Collaboration

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Aspects of Collaboration Srinivas Edala Andrew Snyder

  2. Overview • Introduction • Background • Human to Human – Personal Issues • Human to Human – Group Issues • Human to Computer – Issues • Examples • References

  3. Introduction • What is collaboration? • Activity that involves both interaction and effort to complete a common goal. • Can involve humans in groups, humans using computer systems, and computers working together. • Examples

  4. Introduction • Why is collaboration important? • Multi-disciplinary approaches to product design are prevalent. • Why is understanding collaboration important? • To establish communication rules • which will enable ways of seamlessly introducing new technology into complex environments. • Businesses are looking for these engineering design tools.

  5. Introduction • Systems that network people together include: • email • operating systems • world wide web • Collaboration environments involve: • people from multi-disciplines • using tools • sometimes at great distances

  6. Background • Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) research in 1970’s was a “point” system • try “____”, see if it works • Theory eventually developed from there • Collaboration field is going the same way as HCI did, except that it is still in point system • no good theory is around yet

  7. Human to Human – Personal Issues • Individual vs. group situational awareness • Novice vs. expert issues • Imputed knowledge • Shared knowledge • Cognitive workload (or overhead)

  8. Human to Human – Group Issues • Behavior as a group • Are N+1 heads better? • Unshared information • Seasoned vs. ad hoc groups • Task type

  9. Human to Computer - Issues • Salience • Group Support Systems (GSS) • Distributed engineering • Supervisory control – example to follow • Task-artifact cycle/SA – example to follow

  10. Supervisory control • Supporting Informed Consent in Human-Machine Collaboration: The Role of Conflict Type, Time Pressure, and Display Design • by Wesley A. Olson and Nadine B. Sarter • As technology changes a pilot’s role, they become the system’s manager while the plane flies itself. • Showed that pilots prefer “informed consent” over the data link, and improper instructions were difficult to detect prior to execution.

  11. Task-Artifact Cycle/Situation Awareness • Exploring the Impact of Advanced Alarms, Displays, and Computerized Procedures on Teams by Emilie M. Roth and John M. O’Hara • This study examined the impact of introducing advanced human-system interfaces (HSI) into an ongoing field of practice (nuclear power plant control room). • Crew structure changed because members worked more in parallel • They had to consciously inform other crew members of their status

  12. References • Bardram, J. (1999). Designing for the dynamics of cooperative work activities, Proceedings of CSCW 98: ACM, 89-98.  • Benbasat, I. and L. H. Lim (1993). “The effects of group, task, context, and technology variables on the usefulness of group support systems: A meta-analysis of experimental studies.” Small Group Research24(4): 430-462. • Clark, H. H. and C. R. Marshall (1981). Definite reference and mutual knowledge. Elements of a Discourse Understanding. B. L. W. A. J. Joshi and I. A. Sagg: 10-63. • Gersick, C. J. G. (1988). “Time and transition in work teams: Toward a new model of group development.” Academy of Management Journal31(1): 9-41. • Harvey, C. M. and Koubek, R. J. (submitted). Distributed engineering collaboration: A comprehensive model and results, Ergonomics. • Hill, G. W. (1982). “Group versus individual performance: Are N+1 heads better than one.” Psychological Bulletin91(3): 517-539. • Hirokawa, R. (1990). “The role of communication in group decision-making efficacy.” Small Group Research21: 190-204. • Hollingshead, A. B., McGrath, J. E. and K. M. O'Connor (1993). “Group task performance and communication technology: A longitudinal study of computer-mediated versus face-to-face work groups.” Small Group Research24(3): 307-333. • Karsenty, L. (1999). Cooperative work and shared visual content: An empirical study of comprehension problems in side-by-side and remote help dialogues, Human Computer Interaction, 14, 283-315. • Mandviwalla, M. and Olfman, L, (1994), “What Do Groups Need? A Proposed Set of Generic Groupware Requirements.” ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction, 1(3): 245-268. • Nickerson, R. S. (1999). “How We Know-and Sometimes Misjudge-What Others Know: Imputing One's Own Knowledge to Others.” Psychological Bulletin125(6): 737-759. • Olson, G. M., Olson, J. S., Carter, M. R. and M. Storrøsten (1992). “Small group design meetings: An analysis of collaboration.” Human-Computer Interaction7: 347-374.

More Related