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Growing Tensions

This section explores the growing tensions and conflicts in East Texas during the period of 1823-1835, including the changes in political leadership, the Fredonian Revolt, the Law of April 6, 1830, and the rebellions of 1831-1832. It also covers the imprisonment of Stephen F. Austin and the increasing tensions leading up to the Texas Revolution.

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Growing Tensions

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  1. The Difficulties Begin 1823-1833 Chapter 8 Section 1 Growing Tensions

  2. Differences Create Tension • Trade expands • Population grows • 1820 – Federalists in charge – colonists left alone • 1829 – Centralists in charge – new rules – colonists protest

  3. The colonists were less independent and had to obey Mexican laws. When the Centralist Party came to power, what changed for the colonists?

  4. Trouble Begins in East Texas • 1826 – Haden Edwards awarded an empresario contract • People already there • Edwards HAS to recognize the rights of those with titles (most didn’t have titles) • Announced that ALL settlers must show title, move, or buy title from him

  5. U.S. refuses to assist Edwards Brothers Fredonian Revolt collapsed when Mexican troops arrived Fredonians fled to Sabine River to U.S. The Republic of Fredonia • Edwards forced to recognize previous settlers • Benjamin Edwards (Haden’s bro.) declares colony independent from Mex. • Alliance made with Cherokees • Invaded Nacogdoches (white flag bearing words – “Independence, Liberty, and Justice”

  6. Mier’s report Strong American influence Mexico must act at once or Texas is “lost forever.” President of Mexico issues a decree to abolish slavery Mier y Terán Investigates • U.S. Ambassador Anthony Butler suggests selling Texas to U.S. • Reinforces Mexico’s fears • General Mier y Terán sent to investigate

  7. Anglo settlers outnumbered Mexican settlers by at least five to one. Why was Anglo American influence so strong in East Texas at this time?

  8. Establishes custom duties (taxes) on goods made in foreign nations The Law of April 6, 1830 • Stopped immigration from U.S. • Suspended most incomplete empresario contracts • Encouraged immigration from Mexico and Europe • Set up new forts • Prevent smuggling • Prevent slave trade

  9. To prevent U.S. domination of Texas Why did the Mexican government issue the Law of April 6, 1830?

  10. Effects Law of April 6, 1830, Mexico forbids immigration from U.S. New limits on trade with U.S. spark Anglo protests Additional Mexican troops arrive in San Antonio Causes and Effects of Mexican/Anglo Conflict • Causes • The State Colonization Law of 1825 encourages immigration • New Anglo American settlers far outnumber Mexican residents • Mier y Terán report warns possible loss of Texas

  11. Rebellions 1831-1832 Chapter 8 Section 2 Growing Tensions

  12. Settlers Protest at Anahuac • 1st serious conflict over Mexico’s actions • John Davis Bradburn • Commander of Mexican garrison • accused of taking supplies • William B. Travis & Patrick C. Jack imprisoned • John Austin goes to Brazoria for a cannon

  13. Turtle Bayou ResolutionsJune 13, 1832 • Colonists declared loyalty to Mexico • Not rebelling against Mexican authority • Support Antonio López de Santa Anna (leading a revolt against Centralists) • Colonel José de las Piedras takes over Anahuac and releases Travis and Jack

  14. Clash at VelascoJune 26, 1832 • John Austin get cannon • Mexican troops refuse to let Texans pass • Col. Domingo de Ugartechea fires upon Texans • Loss of life on both sides • Mexicans run out of ammunition and surrender

  15. New group meets New people – Sam Houston Adopted same resolutions as 1832 Prepared a constitution for proposed Mexican state of Texas S. F. Austin, Dr. James B. Miller, and Erasmo Seguin sent to Mexico Austin goes alone Conventions of 1832 & 1833 • 58 delegates meet in San Felipe de Austin • William H. Wharton, Rafael Manchola, Stephen F. Austin • Stephen F. Austin elected president of convention • Texas made separate Mexico state • U.S. immigration allowed • Exempt from import taxes • Improved educational facilities • Better protection from Indians

  16. Increased Tensions 1833-1835 Chapter 8 Section 3 Growing Tensions

  17. Austin’s Mission is Stalled • Leaves San Felipe – goes to Mexico • Santa Anna govt. is unorganized • Cholera epidemic in Mexico City • Frustrated, Austin writes back to Texas encouraging the formation of its own govt.

  18. Austin is Imprisoned and Released • Santa Anna agrees to some of Austin’s requests • No Texas statehood • Repeals law restricting immigration from U.S. • Improves court and postal systems • Austin leaves for Texas – arrested for previous letter encouraging Texas to establish its own govt. • Remained in prison for one year (Dec 1833-1834) • After released, forced to stay in Mexico City until July 1835

  19. Reforms Begin in Texas • Cholera and malaria epidemics • Santa Anna’s reforms begin • English is official language in business deals • Increase number of govt. representatives • Improve court systems • Religious tolerance

  20. Trouble Erupts Again • Problems in Anahuac again • Captain Antonio Tenorio – garrison commander • Andrew Briscoe argued over customs duties (taxes) • Briscoe arrested – Travis and group force Tenorio to release Briscoe and leave Texas • Some Texans disagreed with Travis’ actions • Offered letter of apology to General Martín Perfecto de Cós (Santa Anna’s brother-in-law and commander of Mexican forces in Texas/Coahuila)

  21. General Cós Rejects the Apology • Apology refused • Cós demands arrests of those involved • Santa Anna switched from Federalist to Centralist • Cós takes troops to Texas to arrest those he considered disloyal • William B. Travis • Lorenzo de Zavala

  22. Texans Call for a Consultation • Convention at Washington-on-the-Brazos to discuss Cós and his desire for arrests • Consultation (consulting the people on what to do) • Peace Party • Feared Consultation would cause trouble • Only “prepare for war – if war is inevitable • Hoped Austin would oppose Consultation • War Party • Wanted immediate declaration of independence – even if it meant war • Austin approved Consultation – convinced Santa Anna is a dictator

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