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BELL RINGER

BELL RINGER. 1)What was the Tennis Court Oath? 2)What was the National Assembly? 3)What was the Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen? 4)Why was the storming of the Bastille so important?. Radical Phase. Chapter 11. The flight to Varennes.

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BELL RINGER

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  1. BELL RINGER 1)What was the Tennis Court Oath? 2)What was the National Assembly? 3)What was the Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen? 4)Why was the storming of the Bastille so important?

  2. Radical Phase Chapter 11

  3. The flight to Varennes • On the night of June 20 1791 the royal family fled Paris wearing the clothes of servants, while their servants dressed as nobles. However, the next day the king was recognized and arrested at Varennes. • He was paraded back to Paris under guard, and still wearing his rags.

  4. The flight to Varennes • When they reached Paris, the crowd remained silent. • The Assembly provisionally suspended the king. • He and Queen Marie Antoinette remained held under guard.

  5. The last days of the National Constituent Assembly • In 1791, the Assembly set up a limited monarchy with a king and a Legislative Assembly. • With most of the Assembly still favouring a constitutional monarchy rather than a republic, the various groupings reached a compromise which left Louis XVI little more than a figurehead:

  6. The last days of the National Constituent Assembly • Louis XVI had to swear an oath to the constitution, and a decree declared that retracting the oath, heading an army for the purpose of making war upon the nation, or permitting anyone to do so in his name would amount to de facto abdication.

  7. The French Revolutionary Wars • Other European monarchs threaten to help Louis XVI (Austria and Prussia). • Legislative Assembly declared war on Austria. • After early skirmishes went badly for France, the first significant military engagement of the war occurred with the Franco-Prussian Battle of Valmy. • Although heavy rain prevented a conclusive resolution, the French artillery proved its superiority.

  8. The French Revolutionary Wars • However, by this time, France stood in turmoil and the monarchy had effectively become a thing of the past. • Distrust spread through France.

  9. Attitudes & actions of monarchy& court Fear ofCounter-Revolution Religiousdivisions The Causes of Instability in France1792 - 1795 EconomicCrises Politicaldivisions War

  10. Radicalism Movement • Georges Danton {Minister of Justice} sought revenge on those who aided the king. • Thousand of people were arrested and massacred.

  11. Radical Movement • Jean-Paul Marat (important leader) argued that the poor had a right to take from the rich whatever they needed, even by violence.

  12. Constitutional crisis • National Convention met in 1792. • Two Factions (dissenting groups). A. Urban Mountain B. Rural Girondins. Jacobin political club divided over the issue. (the monarchy)

  13. Paris Commune • On the night of August 10 1792, insurgents, supported by a new revolutionary Paris Commune, assailed the king and queen. • The king and queen ended up prisoners and a rump session of the Legislative Assembly suspended the monarchy.

  14. The Jacobins Jacobin Meeting House

  15. The Jacobins • Girondins wanted to keep the king alive. • Mountains wanted to kill the king. • What happened? • THE KING WAS BEHEADED!!!!!!!

  16. Beheading of Louis XVI

  17. Guillotine

  18. Marie Antoinette on the Way to the Guillotine

  19. Results of the Beheading • Then what happened? • Marat, a Mountain, was stabbed by Charlotte Corday, a Girondin. • He was stabbed in his own bathtub.

  20. “The Death of Marat”by Jacques Louis David, 1793

  21. Maximilien Robespierre • After Danton, Robespierre took charge of the Committee of Pubic Safety. • He was known for his honesty, “The Incorruptible”. • He believed if anyone didn’t submit to the general will they should be executed.

  22. Maximilien Robespierre • Politically, Robespierre was a disciple of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, among other Enlightenment philosophes. • “It is with regret that I pronounce, the fatal truth: Louis ought to perish rather than a hundred thousand virtuous citizens; Louis must die, so that the country may live."

  23. Committee for Public Safety • Revolutionary Tribunals. • 300,000 arrested. • 16,000 – 50,000 executed.

  24. The Reign of Terror • 1793-1794 • The slightest hint of counter-revolutionary thoughts or activities could place one under suspicion, and the trials did not proceed scrupulously.

  25. The Reign of Terror • Revolutionary courts prosecuted enemies of revolution. • Close to 40,000 people were killed during this time. • Clergy and Nobles – 15% of the victims. • Bourgeoisie and Peasants – 85% of the victims.

  26. The Reign of Terror Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible.-- Robespierre Let terror be the order of the day!

  27. The “Monster” Guillotine The last guillotine execution in France was in 1939.

  28. A nation in arms • Committee of Public Safety called for a universal mobilization in 1793. • The mobilization was to save the republic from foreign nations. • By September of 1794 France had an army of 1,169,000.

  29. A nation in arms • This new revolution changed the nature of warfare. • It took an important step in creating modern nationalism. • People’s army fighting for the people’s gov’t.

  30. Robespierre Arrest • He was determined to rid France of its domestic enemies. • National Convention feared him so they had him arrested.

  31. The Arrest of Robespierre

  32. The Revolution ConsumesIts Own Children! Robespierre Lies WoundedBefore the Revolutionary Tribunal that will order him to be guillotined, 1794. Danton Awaits Execution, 1793

  33. The Directory • 1795-1799 • One of the gov’t corruption. • People reacted against the Reign of Terror. • The Directory could not solve the economic crisis in France. • It relied on Military to stay in power.

  34. 1799, a coup d’etat (sudden overthrow of the gov’t) was led by the popular general Napoleon Bonaparte. • Napoleon took power.

  35. Review • Who was George Danton? • Who was Maximilien Robespierre? • What was the Reign of Terror? • How did Napoleon come to power?

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