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Chapter 4

Chapter 4 . Civil rights. The Civil Rights Struggle:. After the Civil War, African Americans routinely faced discrimination, or unfair treatment based on prejudice against a certain group.

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Chapter 4

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  1. Chapter 4 Civil rights

  2. The Civil Rights Struggle: • After the Civil War, African Americans routinely faced discrimination, or unfair treatment based on prejudice against a certain group. • “Jim Crow” laws passed in the south required the social separation of the races which was known as segregation. • It would take more than 100 years for African Americans to secure their civil rights – therights of full citizenship and equality under the law.

  3. “Separate but Equal” • “Jim Crow” laws had mandated the “separate but equal” status for blacks in America. • Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

  4. Beginning to Change • Executive Order 9981 (1948) from President Harry Truman ordered an end to segregation in the nation’s armed forces. • The biggest victory for equality of rights came with the decision in 1954.

  5. Brown Decision • Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KS (1954) • NAACP lawyers successfully argued that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. • It violated the 14th Amendments principle of “equal protection under the law”

  6. Montgomery Bus Boycott • In 1955, one year after the Brown decision, an African American woman named Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white man. • Arrested for violating Alabama’s segregation laws.

  7. Montgomery Bus Boycott • Her arrest spurred the local African American community to organize a boycott of the Montgomery, AL bus system. • A year later, Supreme Court ruled that public bus segregation was unconstitutional. • Rosa Parks and Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. gained national prominence from their actions

  8. Peaceful Protests • Dr. King was a Baptist minister and one of the main leaders of the civil rights movement. • His ability to speak and his belief in non-violent resistance helped move the cause. • King helped organize marches, boycotts, and demonstrations that opened people eye’s to the treatment of blacks and that change was needed.

  9. Peaceful Protests • Students were known for staging “sit-ins” at lunch counters that served only whites • African Americans and whites sympathetic to the cause were “Freedom Riders” who traveled together on buses to protest segregation • King’s “I Have a Dream Speech” was and still is inspirational to those who hope for racial equality.

  10. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • In response to the growing demand for government action, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. • This law prohibited discrimination in: - public facilities - employment - education - voter registration

  11. Civil Rights Act of 1964 • It banned discrimination by race, color, gender, religion, and national origin. • Strengthened the 14th Amendment

  12. Other Steps to Equality • Ratification in 1964 of the 24th Amendment to protect African Americans when it came to registering and voting; banned poll taxes in America. • The Voting Rights Act of 1965 ensured all citizens the right to vote, regardless of race.

  13. Affirmative Action • In the 1970’s, the federal government created programs that were intended to make up for past discrimination. • These programs encouraged the hiring and promoting of minorities and women, and the admission of more minority students to colleges.

  14. Affirmative Action • From the beginning, affirmative action has been controversial. • Critics complain that affirmative action programs give preferential treatment to women and minorities, amounting to discrimination against men and whites. “reverse discrimination”

  15. Racial Profiling • The struggle for equal rights continues today. • Each year, the federal government receives more than 75,000 complaints of workplace discrimination. • Many people are subject to racial profiling

  16. Racial Profiling • Racial profiling is being singled out as suspects because of the way they look. • Some Americans are also victims of hate crimes – acts of violence based on a person’s race, color, national origin, gender, or disability.

  17. Explain the following terms in 3 paragraphs. • Civil Rights • Affirmative Action • Racial Profiling • Discrimination • Segregation

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