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Spontaneous vs. Non-Spontaneous

Spontaneous vs. Non-Spontaneous. Spontaneous rxn – will produce products when reactants come together Non-spontaneous rxn – no products formed when reactants come together Spontaneity does not refer to how fast a reaction proceeds. Rxns tend toward spontaneity when: rxn is exothermic

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Spontaneous vs. Non-Spontaneous

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  1. Spontaneous vs. Non-Spontaneous • Spontaneous rxn – will produce products when reactants come together • Non-spontaneous rxn – no products formed when reactants come together • Spontaneity does not refer to how fast a reaction proceeds. • Rxns tend toward spontaneity when: • rxn is exothermic • rxn increases entropy

  2. Entropy • Entropy is the disorder of a system • dependent upon temperature • +ΔS = more disorder, less order • -ΔS = less disorder, more order • Which has a higher entropy? • New pack of cards / cards in use • Cube of sugar in coffee / cube of sugar • Cup of water at room temp. / cup of water at 50oC • I2(g) / I2(s)

  3. Gibb’s Free Energy • We can relate enthalpy & entropy quantitatively in a relationship known as….. • ΔG = ΔH – T ΔS ΔG = Change in Gibb’s Free Energy [kJ/mol] ΔH = change in Enthalpy (endo is + & exo is -) [kJ/mol] ΔS = change in Entropy [J/mol. K]] T = Temperature in Kelvin • -ΔG = spontaneous rxn • +ΔG = nonspontaneous rxn

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