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Spontaneous Morphing

Spontaneous Morphing. Visual Intelligence Donald D. Hoffman Chapter Four. Agnosias. Loss of recognition ability Dorsal simultagnosia Would only identify one (of the four) objects on the right Carve their visual world into parts. …but wait, so do we!.

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Spontaneous Morphing

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  1. Spontaneous Morphing Visual Intelligence Donald D. Hoffman Chapter Four

  2. Agnosias • Loss of recognition ability • Dorsal simultagnosia • Would only identify one (of the four) objects on the right • Carve their visual world into parts

  3. …but wait, so do we! The only difference is that we quickly and effortlessly assemble many parts into many objects, whereas she is limited to one part or one object at a time

  4. Parts are useful • Countless ways to carve shape into parts • Any subset of a shape is a possible part • 4 conditions for a useful part • Shouldn’t change if you move your view a bit • Shouldn’t change if the object changes its configuration a bit • Should be able to construct the parts from the retinal images at your eyes • Should be able to construct the parts on a wide variety of objects; the larger the better

  5. Rule 14:Rule of Concave Creases Divide shapes into parts along concave creases

  6. Rule of Concave Creases Must be generalized to apply to smooth parts

  7. Schröder staircase

  8. Rule 15:Minima Rule Divide shapes into parts at negative minima, along lines of curvature, of the principal curvatures

  9. Minima Rule

  10. Rule 16:Minima Rule for Silhouettes Divide silhouettes into parts at concave cusps and negative minima of curvature

  11. Minima Rule for Silhouettes • Curvature is negative in concavities and positive on convexities • Make a part boundary at each concave cusp, and at the point of highest curvature in each smooth concavity

  12. Quick Challenge! You will be shown an image on the left. Pick the image on the right that fits – shout it our right away!

  13. Did you choose the right one? • Similarity is your construction • Construct every line, curve, and 3D shape you see • Then describe these constructions a language of parts • You judge two constructions to be similar if you have given them similar descriptions Similarity, like beauty, is in the eye of the beholder

  14. Another test of the minima rule

  15. Rule 17: The salience of a cusp boundary increases with increasing sharpness of the angle at the cusp

  16. Rule 17: The salience of a smooth boundary increases with the magnitude of (normalized) curvature at the boundary

  17. So, what does that mean?

  18. Rule 19:Salient Boundaries Choose figure and ground so that figure has the more salient part boundaries

  19. Rule 20:Salient Parts Choose figure and ground so that figure has the more salient parts

  20. The Big Picture? We view everything by breaking images up into parts – and we follow several rules to synthesize and assign these parts.

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