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Understanding Newton's Laws of Motion: Implications and Applications

Dive deep into the laws of motion with this comprehensive guide covering acceleration, forces, friction, and free body diagrams. Explore the vector equations and practical demonstrations to grasp key concepts effectively. Newton's Laws demystified!

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Understanding Newton's Laws of Motion: Implications and Applications

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  1. 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II • Acceleration (or deceleration) occurs if and only if there is a net external force. 1′ Lecture Newton’s Laws of Motion are: • a = F/m[Note this is a vector eqn.] • The force exerted by a first object on a second is always equal and opposite the the force exerted by the second on the first. F12= - F21

  2. 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II 1′ Lecture –continued (30″ more) Weight is the force of gravity equal to g times the mass of the object. g =9.80 N/kg The force of friction is opposed to the motion of a body and proportional to the normal force. Free body diagrams are sketches of all the forces acting on a body.

  3. 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II Laws of Motion 1st Law: An acceleration is caused by a net external force.

  4. 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II 2nd Law of Motion: a= F /m Note the vector nature of the equation: ax= Fx /m ay= Fy /m

  5. Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II 0 2nd Law of Motion: Implications The Newton [N] is the unit of force in SI units. [F] = [m] [ a ] [N] = [kg] [m/s/s]

  6. 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II 2nd Law of Motion: Implications Consider free fall (in the absence of air resistance): Weight = F = m g fact #1 F = m a fact #2 ∴ m ag = m g ∴ ag = g

  7. 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II 2nd Law of Motion: Implications Feather and Penny Demonstration

  8. 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II 2nd Law of Motion: Implications When a sheet of paper and a book are dropped at the same time, what will happen? Will (1) the book accelerate faster that the sheet; (2) vice versa or (3) will they each accelerate at the same rate? Why do you think so?

  9. 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II Book wins! CDrag v2 Book CDrag v2 Paper 2nd Law of Motion: Implications Book and Paper - gm - gM aPaper = (- gm+ CDrag v2 Paper) /m aBook = (- gM + CDrag v2 Book)/M

  10. 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II Tie! CDrag v2 2nd Law of Motion: Implications Book and Paper - gm - gM aBook+Paper = (- gM - gm+ CDrag v2)/(M+m)

  11. 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II 2nd Law of Motion: Implications Atwood Machine

  12. a a g m1 g m2 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II F = g (m2 – m1) a = F/(m2 +m1) 2nd Law of Motion: Implications Atwood Machine a = g(m2 – m1)/(m2 +m1)

  13. 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II 2nd Law of Motion: Implications How much force is one Newton? How much mass weighs 1 N? F = m g 1.00 N = mN (9.80 N/kg) mN = 1.00/ 9.80 kg mN = 0.102 kg Experience “Newton’s apple”

  14. 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II 2nd Law of Motion: Implications What acceleration will one Newton produce on a mass of one kilogram? a = F /m a = 1.00 N /1.00 kg a = 1.00 m/s2 [ m/s2] = [N ]/[kg]

  15. Pull Away from F Toward F No acceleration 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II Spool F ⃗ 2nd Law of Motion: Implications Mysterious Spool Puzzle ?????????

  16. Pull Toward F 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II Spool F ⃗ 2nd Law of Motion: Implications Mysterious Spool Puzzle a = F/m; a, alwaysin the direction of F

  17. 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II Summary: Newton’s Laws of Motion are: (1) Acceleration (or deceleration) occurs if and only if there is a net external force. (2) a = F/m [Note this is a vector eqn.] (3) The force exerted by a first object on a second is always equal and opposite the the force exerted by the second on the first. F12= - F21

  18. 0 Physics 1710 Chapter 5: Laws of Motion—II Summary (cont’d.) : Weight is the force of gravity equal to g times the mass of the object. g =9.80 N/kg The force of friction is opposed to the motion of a body and proportional to the normal force. Free body diagrams are sketches of all the forces acting on a body.

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