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Kepler’s Laws

Kepler’s Laws. Physics 113 Goderya. Chapter(s): 4 Learning Outcomes: ALL. Johannes Kepler (1571 – 1630). Used the precise observational tables of Tycho Brahe (1546 – 1601) to study planetary motion mathematically. Found a consistent description by abandoning both. Circular motion and.

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Kepler’s Laws

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  1. Kepler’s Laws Physics 113 Goderya Chapter(s): 4 Learning Outcomes: ALL

  2. Johannes Kepler (1571 – 1630) • Used the precise observational tables of Tycho Brahe (1546 – 1601) to study planetary motion mathematically. • Found a consistent description by abandoning both • Circular motion and • Uniform motion. • Planets move around the sun on elliptical paths, with non-uniform velocities.

  3. Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion • The orbits of the planets are ellipses with the sun at one focus. c Eccentricity e = c/a

  4. Eccentricities of Ellipses 1) 2) 3) e = 0.1 e = 0.2 e = 0.02 5) 4) e = 0.4 e = 0.6

  5. Eccentricities of Planetary Orbits Orbits of planets are virtually indistinguishable from circles: Most extreme example: Pluto: e = 0.248 Earth: e = 0.0167

  6. Planetary Orbits (2) • A line from a planet to the sun sweeps over equal areas in equal intervals of time. • A planet’s orbital period (P) squared is proportional to its average distance from the sun (a) cubed: (Py = period in years; aAU = distance in AU) Py2 = aAU3

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