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German Intergovernmental Relationships Overview Study

Explore historical patterns of intergovernmental relations, power dynamics, and federal systems, with a focus on Germany and global comparisons. Learn about confederations, federalism, subsidiarity, and decentralization.

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German Intergovernmental Relationships Overview Study

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  1. PIA 2528 Intergovernmental Relationships

  2. Oral Interview Questions: End of Semester 1. What major historical factors appear to have defined Governance, Local Government and Civil Society according to our "general reading.“ 2. What factors are unique and different for Africa, Middle East, Eastern Europe, Asia or Latin America? 3.To what extent is society and culture important at the "country" level? Be able to discuss at least one country in your region.

  3. Theme The Nature of Intergovernmental Relationships

  4. German Intergovernmental Relations

  5. Overview: Historical Patterns of Relations • AT ISSUE - Location of ultimate power and Responsibility • Definition of Power: • The authoritative allocation of values • Balance: Leadership, Authority and Choice

  6. Symbolism, Power and AuthorityLeadership as Image

  7. Authority

  8. Authoritarian States

  9. TYPES OF INTER-GOVERNMENTAL AND INTER-ORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONS Confederation and loose con-federal relationships

  10. The Articles of ConfederationThe Articles of Confederation, drafted in 1777 by the Continental Congress, served as the first Constitution of the United States.

  11. Confederation Relationships Power lies with the sub-units • U.S. Articles of Confederation • Canadian Federation • European Union • Southern African Development Council • Economic Council of West African States • ASEAN • Mercusor

  12. Federalism • Concept: Can Transfer additional authority back to the sub-units but not take power away from the federated governments (Provinces, states) • Principal: Divided Soveregnty

  13. Federal Systems In Federal Relationship • Some power lies with the National Unit • Some power lies with lower units • Layer Cake

  14. Governance as a cake

  15. Layers of Government Intertwined

  16. Federal Powers • Unique or Exclusive Powers- Federal and State • Concurrent Powers- Federal and State • Devolved Powers- State and Local • Denied Authority

  17. Federal Systems Key Distinction: 1. Lower units cannot break away from the National Unit 2. National Units cannot take power away from the lower units 3. Divided Sovereignty

  18. Federalism: Examples: • USA • Canada • Germany • Nigeria • India • Russian Federation • Austria • Switzerland • Malaysia

  19. Federal Relationships Taxation Indian States

  20. Unitary Systems and Sub-regional units • All power ultimately lies at the national level • What power the local level has, is given to it by the national level • The power that the national unit has given to the local level can also be taken away from it

  21. Unitary Government

  22. Unitary Systems- Examples • United Kingdom • France • Hungary • Kenya • Japan • South Africa? (Unitary or Quasi-Federal) • Bolivia • China? • Palestine? • Indonesia • Sweden

  23. Subsidiarity: European Union Term • Subsidiarity is the idea that matters should be handled by the smallest (or, the lowest) competent government authority possible. • It is presently best known as a fundamental principle of European Union Law. According to this principle, the EU may only act (i.e. make laws) where member states agree that action of individual countries (or local governments) is insufficient. • Subsidiarity has become a principle of public sector reform in LDCs

  24. Subsidiarity: Summary • Concept: Transfer of authority to a lower level of government • Primary Unit of Government: Lowest level that carries a bureaucracy with it • Alternative Social Service Delivery Systems Debated- eg. Health in USA

  25. Models of Subsidiarity: Review • Devolution: Federal or Unitary (Political) • Deconcentration (Administrative) • Delegation (Special Unit- PAT) • Privatization (Contracting Out) • Program and Project Deconcentration: Principal Agency Issue)

  26. Coffee Break • Ten Minutes

  27. Intergovernmental Relationships Basic Assumptions

  28. Devolution • Transfer to a non-Federal political body e.g. Budget and personal authority to district and town councils Key- power lies with lower level politicians

  29. Deconcentration: Transfer of authority to administrators at lower level within the administrative system

  30. Deconcentration: Review • Functional vs. Prefectoral • Prefectoral integrated • Prefectoral unintegrated

  31. Control Systems: Review Functional Home Affairs Local Govt. Public Works Agriculture Education Labor Council Public Works Office District Ag. Office District Ed. Office District Labor Office

  32. Control Systems Prefectoral - Integrated Interior Local Govt. Public Works Agriculture Education Labor District Office District Ag. Office District Ed. Office District Labor Office Public Works Office Council/Chief

  33. Control Systems: Review Prefectoral - Unintegrated Interior Local Govt. Public Works Agriculture Education Labor Police District Office Police Council/ Chief Public Works Office District Ag. Office District Ed. Office District Labor Office

  34. Delegation • Transfer Function Outside of line Departments • Use of Board • Commercialization

  35. Delegation

  36. Delegation • Transfer of authority to a statutory body such as Public Corporations or parastatals (UK) • Eg. AMTRAK

  37. Privatization • Transfer function out of government sector

  38. Principles of Privatization • Key Conditionality- Privatization of the economy within a context of administrative Reform

  39. Principles of Privatization a. divestiture (full sale) b. contracting out c. liquidation d. sell off public private partnership shares

  40. The View from the 1080s Redux

  41. Principles of Privatization Goal: Small government and return to the recurrent budgeting process and balanced budget principles of “Neo-Orthodox Economists”

  42. Programs and Projects • Program and Project Deconcentration: (Principal Agency Issue) • Assymetric Relationships • Prone to Patron-Clientalism

  43. Asymmetric interests when a principal hires an agent

  44. Program andProject Decentralization: 1. Sectoral - By regular line or agency within a Ministry • E.g. Focused activity - seed production (Green Revolution) • Agricultural experiments

  45. Indian Department of Agriculture

  46. Program andProject Decentralization: 2. Deconcentration or Devolution of authority to central level special unit eg. Transport, water, health or education projects to subordinate administrative or structures (Education Service) PAT (Port Authority Transport) Buses

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