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Basic concepts in sports psychology

Basic concepts in sports psychology. Chapter 18. Personality. Trait framework Traits ...Stable enduring predispositions Not so well supported in recent research Interaction framework Traits and states – feelings at a particular time

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Basic concepts in sports psychology

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  1. Basic concepts in sports psychology Chapter 18

  2. Personality • Trait framework • Traits...Stable enduring predispositions • Not so well supported in recent research • Interaction framework • Traits and states – feelings at a particular time • Environment influences personality predispositions, and vice versa • So personality cannot be the only influence on how a person reacts in a given situation

  3. Motivation • Direction • Intensity • Persistence • All three play a part in the athlete’s/person’s orientation to sport performance and participation

  4. Motivation • Success • What matters most – winning? Playing well? • Is it the right question? • What’s the right question/statement? • What outcome matters to you? The score? Or some other valued commodity? • Task/ego orientation • Task – wants to get better • Ego – wants to beat people • What do you think...what type of person is going to be successful? Are these traits or states?

  5. Motivation • Achievement goals and motivation (see TEOSQ) • Which orientation is “healthiest”? • Need to realize what makes your players play...what turns them on (you need to appeal to their needs) • In PE classes... • Task climate = enjoyment/ability/effort • Ego climate = tension/pressure • Climate influenced by significant others

  6. Arousal, Anxiety, & Performance • Arousal • Heart rate, skin response, breathing rate, sleepiness, etc... • Anxiety • Worry • Not necessarily accompanied by high arousal (and vice versa) • State/trait • Cognitive/somatic

  7. Arousal, Anxiety, & Performance • Models of arousal & performance • Drive theory • Inverted-U • Individual and situational differences in arousal levels

  8. Arousal, Anxiety, & Performance • Models of anxiety & performance • Time to competition

  9. Arousal, Anxiety, & Performance • Models of anxiety & performance • Need to recognize cognitive anxiety, somatic anxiety, and arousal...3D model

  10. Stressor Individual differences Control? Yes No Symptoms interpreted as facilitative Symptoms interpreted as debilitative Arousal, Anxiety, & Performance • Measuring anxiety • Facilitative & debilitative anxiety (see CSAI2) From:Jones (1995)

  11. Imagery • Here not about motor learning, but psychological support (preparation for performance of already learned skill) • Why use imagery? • Easy – effortless, and can be done anywhere, anytime • For emotional control • For confidence (e.g. image success)

  12. Imagery • Individual differences in imagery • VMIQ, SIQ • See, feel, taste, hear...all can be imaged • How vividly do you image? • Can you get better...is there any point? • Some evidence suggests so, but it’s a skill...takes practice

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