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C ells. B uilding blocks of life Smallest living unit of organisms. Nutrition. Autotrophic make their own food eg photosynthesis Heterotrophic cannot manufacture food eg animals have to eat food. Atom. Molecule. Organelle. Cell. Tissue. Tissue. Organ. Organ.
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Cells Building blocks of life Smallest living unit of organisms
Nutrition Autotrophic • make their own food • eg photosynthesis Heterotrophic • cannot manufacture food • eg animals have to eat food
Atom Molecule Organelle Cell Tissue Tissue Organ Organ Brainstorm some examples of each level with the person next to you – 3 minutes Organism Organism Organ system Organ system
Diversity of organisms Prokaryotes Kingdom Fungi Kingdom Plantae Kingdom Monera Bacteria Kingdom Animalia Kingdom Protocista Eukaryotes Prokaryotic ancestor
PROKARYOTES • bacteria • single primitive cell • no true nucleus • loop of DNA
EUKARYOTES • eg plants & animals • unicellular or multicellular • true nucleus • chromosomes in pairs
Protists Mostly unicellular Heterotrophic &/or autotrophic
Fungus Plant-like (non-motile) but lack chlorophyll
Plants • cell wall • large vacuole • chloroplasts (for photosynthesis)
Animals • Several smaller vacuoles • No cell wall • No chloroplasts
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MENU Quick Quiz Key Words Videos Exercise Additional slides History of the cell
Key words Back to menu • Prokaryote • Eukaryote • DNA • chromatin • nucleus • membranes • membrane-bound organelles
Quick quiz Back to menu • An ____ makes is an organism which makes its own food • A ____ has to obtain food from elsewhere (feeding) • ____ have no true nucleus (loose chromatin) • ____ have a true nucleus True / False? • Prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles • Prokaryotic cells are diploid • Eukaryotic cells have pairs of chromosomes • Homologous chromosomes in bacteria form chains • Prokaryotes are multi-cellular • Eukaryotes include fungi, plants and animals Answers
Quick quiz Back to menu • An autotroph makes is an organism which makes its own food • A heterotroph has to obtain food from elsewhere (feeding) • Prokaryotes have no true nucleus (loose chromatin) • Eukaryotes have a true nucleus True / False? • Prokaryotes have membrane bound organelles F • Prokaryotic cells are diploid F • Eukaryotic cells have pairs of chromosomes T • Homologous chromosomes in bacteria form chains F • Prokaryotes are multi-cellular F • Eukaryotes include fungi, plants and animals T
Videos Back to menu http://www.microbeworld.org/index.php?option=com_jlibrary&view=article&id=800 (youtube)
Exercise Back to menu Draw, label and annotate a) a prokaryote cell b) a eukaryote cell READING Workbook p54
Extension slides Back to menu • The remaining slides are for additional information only
Bacteria (Kingdom Monera) Back to menu • Simple unicellular bacteria (eubacteria) • Cyanobacteria(blue-green algae). • Cell wall surrounded by slime layer • Flagellum for locomotion Chromosome is usually a simple DNA circle Haploid – no homologous pairs of chromosomes No membrane-bound organelles
EUKARYOTES Back to menu • True nucleus • Chromosome is a double helix of DNA • Mitosis and meiosis occur • Diploid – homologous pairs of chromosomes (except in gametes) • Recessive genes may not be expressed
MRS GREN Back to menu • Move • Respire (uses Oxygen) • Sensitive • Grow • Reproduce • Excrete wastes • Nutrition Cells show all the characteristics of life
Basic Cell Theory Complete Back to menu • cell = basic unit of life • organism = one or more cells. • new cells from division of pre-existing cells.
Every cell is just as alive as we are. Back to menu • cells work together to survive. • Humans ≈ 100 Trillion cells!!! • 50 cells would cover the dot on the letter “i” Wow!!
A potted history of the cell Back to menu
Robert Hooke 1665 Back to menu Plants and fungi are made of tiny boxes like honeycomb!
Anton van Leuwenhoek 1673 Back to menu pond scum contains single-celled organisms, which I call animalcules
Spontaneous Generation Back to menu 18th century Absolutely I agree Quite right Organisms generate spontaneously, like mice from dirty clothes/corn husks What about babies? + =
Louis Pasteur 19th century Back to menu Non, non, non! I disagree Some sense at last
Mid 19th Century Germany Back to menu All plants are made of cells All animals are made of cells
1858 Rudolf Virchow Back to menu Now we’re getting somewhere All cells arise from pre-existing cells