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Citation Formatting. MLA and APA. Citation Formatting. If you use information that is not common knowledge – summaries, facts, quotations, or ideas – you must give credit to your source and document where the information can be found. Citation formatting enables you to do this
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Citation Formatting MLA and APA
Citation Formatting • If you use information that is not common knowledge – summaries, facts, quotations, or ideas – you must give credit to your source and document where the information can be found. • Citation formatting enables you to do this • AKA: citing sources, documenting information
Purposes of Citation Formatting • Documents your sources of information • Gives credit to others for their ideas • Distinguishes YOUR ideas from those of others • Prevents plagiarism
Types of Citation Formatting • Humanities – MLA • Social Sciences – APA • History – Chicago • Sciences - CSE
Types of Citation Formatting • Humanities – MLA • Social Sciences – APA • History – Chicago • Sciences - CSE
MLA or APA Citation Formatting • There are TWO parts: • In-text citations • Give credit to your sources within the text • Listing of sources of information at the end • Tells the reader exactly where to find the information
MLA In-Text Citations • Format #1 • Signal phrase introduces the information AND • Page or other reference appears after the information • Format #2 • Parenthetical reference only
MLA In-Text Citations • Kwon points out that the Fourth Amendment does not give employees any protections from employers’ “unreasonable searches and seizures” (6). • Companies can monitor employees’ keystrokes without legal penalty, but they may have to combat low morale as a result (Lane 129) (Hacker 120)
Works Cited • Listing of citations contained in your paper • Alphabetical by author • The formats vary depending on whether your source of information is a book, a journal article, a Web site, etc.
APA In-Text Citations • Author’s last name • Year of publication • Page number (for quotations)
APA In-Text Citation Examples • According to Smith (1999),the best apple pie is made at home. • The best apple pie is made at home (Smith, 1999). • Smith (1999) suggests that “undoubtedly, apple pie looks and tastes best when it’s lovingly made in one’s home” (p. 4).
References • Listing of citations contained in your paper • Alphabetical by author • The formats vary depending on whether your source of information is a book, a journal article, a Web site, etc.
Reminders… • If you mention someone else’s ideas in your paper you must indicate that with a citation • Be sure to use quotation marks around the phrases of others • Any in-text citation you use should correspond to a detailed listing in your Works Cited or References
Bibliography • A listing of ALL of the sources of information that you’re reading (or read) for your paper. • Often this is requested by instructors before a paper is due to see what kinds of resources you’ve found for a project
Helpful Resources • ESC Library • Diana Hacker Pocket Manual • Purdue University Online Writing Lab (OWL) • http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/section/2/