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Ancient Greece

Ancient Greece. Geography. Greece comprised of peninsula, 2000 islands, eastern edge Aegean Land Very mountainous! (3/4 covered w/ mountains) Travel hard Led small, independent city states Little fertile land Result small population Lacked natural resources

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Ancient Greece

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  1. Ancient Greece

  2. Geography • Greece comprised of peninsula, 2000 islands, eastern edge Aegean • Land • Very mountainous! (3/4 covered w/ mountains) • Travel hard • Led small, independent city states • Little fertile land • Result small population • Lacked natural resources • “Greeks did not live on land, but around seas.” • Mediterranean, Aegean, Ionian, Black seas • Travel and trade • Climate • Moderate temp. led outside lifestyle

  3. The First “Greeks”: The Mycenaeans • Bronze Age people (1600-1200 BCE) • Replaced & inspired by earlier Bronze Age people the Minoans • Named after city Mycenae • Believed people warlike • Battle scenes , fortified city walls

  4. City of Mycenae

  5. Mycenae City Walls Lions Gate Cyclopean Walls

  6. Mycenaean Artifacts

  7. Shaft Graves Mask of Agamemnon

  8. Beehive Tombs

  9. Heinrich Schliemann • Discovered Mycenae and Troy • Convinced discoveries home legendary Kings Agamemnon and Priam of Trojan War • Epic Poem written by Homer • Iliad

  10. Troy

  11. King Priam’s Treasure

  12. The Greek Dark Ages

  13. The Dorian Invasion (DORIANS}

  14. Decline in Greek Culture

  15. Homer and Hesiod The Iliad and The Odyssey Theogony and Works and Days

  16. Greek Religion

  17. Basic characteristics • Polytheistic • Hierarchal • Moral guideline • Anything in excess improper • Explained world • Myths

  18. Olympian Gods and Goddesses • Aphrodite- Love & Beauty • Apollo- Sun & Music • Ares- War • Artemis- Hunt • Athena- Wisdom & Arts • Demeter- Harvest • Dionysus- Wine • Hades- Underworld • Hephaestus- Metallurgy • Hera- Family • Hermes- Trade • Hestia- Hearth • Poseidon- Sea • Zeus- Sky

  19. Muses

  20. Fates

  21. Furies

  22. Characteristics of Gods • Immortal, but not all powerful • Act like humans, have human vices too • Meddle and mingle w/ humans

  23. The Underworld • “Place of Hades” • Early thought = Gloomy Place • Later thought = Place of Judgment • Rewarded or cursed • Fields of Asphodel • Tartarus • Punishment fit crime

  24. Worship of the Gods • Build temples • National shrines • Oracle of Delphi • Sacrifice • Festivals • Olympics

  25. Greek City-States

  26. The Polis • Greek City State or Citizen State • “the people” or “the community”

  27. The Polis continued… • Each polis had an agora (market place) and acropolis (fortified citadel)

  28. Forms of Government

  29. Athens

  30. Athens: Building a Democracy • Draco • Aristocracy • “Draconian” Law Code • Solon • Democracy • Wealthy hold political office • All citizens participate in Assembly • No Debt slavery • Cleisthenes • Reorganized society: 10 groups based on where lived not wealth • Strengthened power Assembly • Established Council 500

  31. Athens: Education • Boys educated to be good citizen • Girls taught to be good wives/mothers

  32. Sparta

  33. Sparta: Building a Military State • Messenian “helot” Revolt led to need for strong state • Men serve in military age 7-60 • Agoge • Women received military training; had considerable freedoms • “duty, strength, discipline over freedom, individuality, beauty, learning”

  34. Sparta’s Oligarchy • 5 Ephors • Chief legal officials; monitor kings • Elected annually • Council of Elders • 30 members o/ age 60 • Served for life • 2 kings • Military • Hereditary position • Assembly • All male citizens

  35. Spartan Society • Spartans • Citizens • Perioikoi • 2nd class citizens • Helots • Slaves

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