Water treatment

1. Graphic OrganisersTeachers’ exemplars – ScienceThese science exemplars are a companion to the Graphic Organisers resource book available at www.slss.ie

2. Water treatment clean water FLOURIDATION CHLORINATION FILTERING SETTLING SCREENING dirty water

3. Plant reproduction germination dormancy dispersal Seed & fruit formation fertilisation pollination

4. Titration – preparing burette remove funnel check at eye level using white sheet of paper bring meniscus to line using a dropper fill tap at bottom of burette re-fill with solution using funnel rinse with solution to be used rinse through funnel with deionised water clamp burette vertically with funnel in place

5. Stages in digestion egestion assimilation absorption digestion ingestion

6. Organisation levels organism systems organs tissues cells molecules

7. Scientific method present analyse carry out devise experiment health & safety review observe problem Science

8. Alimentary Canal mouth oesophagus stomach caecum ileum duodenum colon rectum anus Biology – food passing through the digestive system

9. Microscopic study of plant cells secure and view at low power then high power lower cover slip at 45o angle prevent air bubbles make more visible add stain e.g. iodine place on slide with drop of water stop it drying out to view single cells cut thin piece of onion epidermis what to do, and why Science, Biology

10. Chemistry Quark model radiation alpha and beta sub-atomic particles in nucleus atom alchemy

11. Growing bacteria on agar plates Incubate Prevent condensation Prevents contamination Invert Replace lid, seal, label Spreads out bacteria Prevents contamination Streak plate Lift lid slightly Source of bacteria

12. Making Oxygen Gas Put glowing splint to tube – it re-lights if gas is oxygen To do test To release O2 Fill three tubes with O2 To collect gas Drop H2O2 on to MnO2 Test tubes under water To make O2 Set up equipment Use H2O2 and MnO2 Source of O2 Catalyst

13. Photosynthesis sunlight carbon dioxide water chlorophyll photosynthesis

14. Rates of reaction particle size nature of reactants temperature catatyst concentration Rate of reaction

15. L.C. Physics conductor current magnetic field force

16. Preparation of oxygen gas H2O2 hydrogen peroxide MnO2 manganese dioxide beehive shelf trough of water collecting jars tap funnel tubing oxygen gas

17. 7 characteristics of living things movement reproduction feeding sensitivity respiration growth excretion life

18. Excretion in the Kidney salts water UREA Potassium ions hormones ions H2 urine

19. 7 characteristics of living things reproduction movement nutrition make more or be extinct ! excretion to get food, shelter, mate; away from danger need food to release energy all these activities create toxic waste which must be released If it has all these – its alive!! senses & reactions make sure we move the right way! must grow to adult before reproducing energy released from food growth respiration response

20. Organic chemistry carboxylic acids alkanes aldehydes alkynes = C-C-C O O C OH - =O C C C-C = -ane -anal -yne methane -anoic acid ethanol + H2SO4 H2O + CaC2 heating fuel ethanoic acid perfumes, fruit cutting, welding organic compounds vinegar organic compounds C O R flavourings solvents plastics aluminium oxide and alcohol making soap beers, spirits propan-2-ol + -anoate -anone ethanol Al2O3 + C2H5OH -anol -ene C=C -OH esters ketones alcohols alkenes

21. Systems & organs of the human digestive respiratory circulatory excretory mouth oesophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus (liver) kidney bladder ureter urethra skin lungs some human body systems nose trachea bronchus bronchiole alveoli heart arteries vein capillaries

22. Human Nutrition carbohydrate fats proteins CHO CHON CHO oils, butter eggs, meat bread, pasta energy storage growth & repair energy brown paper test glucose = Benedict’s test NaOH & CuSO4 starch = iodine test molecules = 3 fatty acids:1 glycerol amino acids Food & nutrition deficiency = lack of energy def = stunted growth water deficiency = constipation deficiency = scurvy deficiency = anaemia aids peristalsis connective tissue haemoglobin bran, fruit in citrus fruits red meat cellulose eg VIT C eg Fe fibre vitamins minerals

23. Atomic Structure Sub-atomic particles Periodic table Böhr Diagram atomic no. shells mass no. Electronic configuration neutron group atoms electron “BAT” STAIRCASE proton valency structure Nuclear formula Atomic Structure charges molecules empty space ions valency shells Neutron = neutral covalent nucleus Electron = negative ionic Proton = positive Bonding Location Charges

24. Ecology key terms environmental factors animals plants results temperature qualitative quantitative: light % cover wind % frequency pie charts bar charts Ecology Field work quadrat thermometer pooter light meter pitfall trap line transect anemometer beating tray tools tools tools

25. Radioactivity... nuclear reactor uses type medical imaging fuel alpha medical therapy moderator beta carbon dating fuel rods gamma food irradiation heat exchanger radioactivity burns clothing leukaemia shielding use tongs genetic defects don’t eat or drink cataracts don’t smoke death precautions hazards

26. eyepiece What we look for on the microscope light clips fine lens stage objective nosepiece focus wheel coarse light microscope

27. dispersal rainbow shadow What we need to remember about light sun, star light mirror fine lens eye reflection microscope transparent refraction luminous eclipse 7 colours periscope light

28. testosterone Human Hormones LH FSH adrenaline progesterone insulin growth hormone prolactin thyroxine oxytocin oestrogen endocrine system

29. dispersal rainbow shadow What we need to remember about light sun, star light mirror fine lens eye reflection microscope transparent refraction luminous eclipse 7 colours periscope light

30. Separation techniques Criteria Topic Sample substances Draw the diagram State result What ? Apparatus

31. Cross Classification – blood cells criteria cells source function no/mm3 shape name

32. Cross Classification – blood vessels criteria vessels function pressure wall valves lumen

33. Cell structures – animal & plant cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus nuclear membrane nuclear pores nucleolus DNA mitochondrion ribosomes chloroplast cell wall vacuole centriole Animal cell Plant cell

34. Comparing forms of energy Dangerous waste No waste Renewable Cheap Large supply wind nuclear

35. Bonding Shared No charged particles Centre of periodic table Molecules Liquids & gases Given & taken Charged particles = ions LHS&RHS of periodic table Crystals, solids Electrons involved Holds particles together covalent ionic

36. gases: oxygen v. carbon dioxide use H2O2 + MnO2 to make relights a glowing splint needed by all living things for respiration released by plants in photosynthesis use HCl + CaCO3 to make turns limewater milky needed by plants for photosynthesis released by all living things in respiration transparent found in air carbon dioxide gas oxygen gas

37. Endocrine system: male v. female adrenals adrenaline pituitary hormones: growth, lutenising, antidiuretic, follicle stimulating thyroid thyroxine parathyroids parathormone pancreas insulin ovaries oestrogen progesterone pituitary oxytocin testes testosterone male female

38. RNA v. DNA single strand ribose uracil found in cytoplasm and in ribsosome found in nucleus adenine cytosine guanine double strand deoxyribose thymine does not leave nucleus DNA RNA

39. mitosis v. meiosis “reduction division” two cycles of division 4 daughter cells non-identical daughter cells 2 daughter cells single cycle of division identical daughter cells cell division require energy meiosis mitosis

40. Photosynthesis v. Respiration only in plant cells chloroplast CO2 in, O2 out makes glucose part of the cycles of nature take place in cells takes place in stages all living things mitochondrion O2 in CO2 out breaks down glucose respiration photosynthesis

41. Control systems: nervous v. endocrine response usually slower longer-lasting response chemical messengers in blood localised, separate glands male and females differ rapid response short lived response electrical impulse via neurons CNS + PNS connected male & female same react to internal and external stimuli messages sent from one part of body to another co-ordination nervous system endocrine system

42. renewable v. non-renewable energy forever wind sun wave bio-fuels both need to be managed carefully both cost money to deliver will run out fossil fuels – oil, coal, peat, gas non-renewable renewable

43. 1st year science pre-learning electricity electronics Chemistry atoms gases air fuels Physics light food plants animals Biology

44. Sub-atomic particles Positively charged, Determines atomic no. Number is constant In the nucleus, similar mass, the sum of these is the mass no. Not charged, No. can vary (isoptope) Neutron All in the atom Proton Charged Negatively charged, Almost no mass!! Can be removed or added, In constant motion in orbits Electron

45. Comparing organs of excretion [other function: breathing] water as vapour [other functions: protective, sensory, heat regulation] carbon dioxide skin excess water 2 1 lungs salts diffusion urea water as liquid [other functions: osmoregulation] active transport kidney

46. Separation techniques Equipment Equipment evaporation sex-linked disease What happens What happens What happens What happens chromatography distillation Equipment Equipment

47. Le Chatelier’s Principle N2 + 3 H2 ⇌ 2 NH3    ΔH = −92kJ mol-1 decrease increase pressure temp increase decrease addn addn catalyst ? removal removal

48. Trends in the Periodic Table • Groups • increase going • down groups • adding new shell • screening effect • Groups • increase going down • adding new shell • increased screening effect • Periods • decreases • along periods • no new shell • larger nucleus, stronger hold • Periods • decrease along periods • no new shell • larger nucleus, stronger hold energy values atomic radius • Groups • Decreases down groups • adding new shell i.e. • further away • increases screening effect • Groups • increase down Group 1 • 1 e- on outer shell, getting further from nucleus ionisation energy reactivity • Groups • increase going up • Group 1, only need 1 e- • atomic radius decreases, nucleus has stronger hold • Periods • Decreasing atomic • radius • no screening effect • no new shell, larger nucleus • Increases along periods

49. mass no. & relative atomic no. atomic structure elements, atoms, symbols periodic table groups & periods metals v. non-metals Junior Cycle Science

50. what is it? uses properties Light experiments laws Junior Cycle Science: