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Post-WW II Choice

Post-WW II Choice. Regional Power vs. Global Power Choice: Global (1947-1952). Explaining the Cold War. 1. Realism Power = Rivalry the problem is Soviet power The strategy is balancing against Soviet power Example: Relations with China. Explaining the Cold War. 2. Idealism

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Post-WW II Choice

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  1. Post-WW II Choice Regional Power vs. Global Power Choice: Global (1947-1952)

  2. Explaining the Cold War 1. Realism • Power = Rivalry • the problem is Soviet power • The strategy is balancing against Soviet power • Example: Relations with China

  3. Explaining the Cold War 2. Idealism • the problem is Communist values • Anti-democratic • Anti-free trade • Human rights violations • Expansionist dictators

  4. Marxism, Communism Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels The Communist Manifesto 1848 Basics: Capitalism is exploitation Rich exploit poor Government enforces exploitation Worker’s revolution Communism phase begins: End private property; create collective ownership

  5. Communism in Power Soviet Union 1917 • 20 million deaths in 1950s Lenin Stalin

  6. Communism in Power People’s Republic of China 1949 • Estimates from 50-100 million (1949-76) • Mao Zedong

  7. Explaining the Cold War 3. Constructivist Explanation • Incompatable identities • US need to spread democracy and free markets • Can’t accept closed economies and dictatorships • Russian insecurity • Expanding to create buffer states

  8. Explaining the Cold War 4. US economic imperialism (Soviet and left of center argument) • US search for cheap labor and cheap resources • But, analysis cannot ignore Soviet side of the equation

  9. US Cold War Policies Anti-Soviet/Anti-Communist Free Markets Spreading Democracy Multilateralism Regional Conflict Deterrence and Forward Presence

  10. 1. Anti-Soviet/Anti-Communism “Truman Doctrine” speech, March 1947 NSC-68 (US rearmament plan, 1950) Harry Truman

  11. Division of Europe (By 1948)

  12. BipolarityThe Cold War Balance of Power Israel Syria/Egypt Ethiopia Somalia Taiwan China S. Korea N. Korea S. Viet Nam N. Viet Nam W. Berlin E. Berlin W. Germany E. Germany Britain/France/JapanPoland/Czech US USSR

  13. Containment Kennan’s Long Telegram as published in Foreign Affairs, “The Sources of Soviet Conduct” by “X”, 1947 George Kennan

  14. 2. Free Markets Strong political economy strong stability through middle free markets class and failure economic and of social mobility communist subversion* peace *Still US belief that free markets will discourage radical ideologies (radical Islam in 21st century)

  15. US Policies For Europe: • “Marshall Plan” Speech, June 1947 Building Global Economic Order • International Monetary Fund – IMF • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade – GATT (example of GATT Agreements) • World Trade Organization - WTO • World Bank

  16. 3. Spreading Democracy The Good News Europe and Northeast Asia Latin America and Southeast Asia • Freedom House • Map of free nations

  17. The Bad News Non-democratic nations that were US allies or US-supported during some part of the cold war: Nicaragua, Paraguay, Argentina, Chile, Panama, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Brazil, South Africa, Somalia, Algeria, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kenya, Zaire, South Korea, Taiwan, Philippines, Indonesia, Pakistan, Turkey, Thailand, Burma, Cuba

  18. Worse News PM Mossadegh Pres. Arbenz Pres. Allende Iran, 1953 Guatemala, 1954 Chile, 1973

  19. Strange News

  20. 4. Multilateralism • North Atlantic Treaty Organization - NATO • Central Treaty Organization - CENTO • Southeast Asia Treaty Organization- SEATO • Australia, New Zealand, US Pact – ANZUS • United Nations • In Europe NATO vs. Warsaw Pact • deployments

  21. 5. Regional Conflict

  22. Regional Conflicts Israel vs. Syria/Egypt/PLO Ethiopia vs. Somalia (1970s) Taiwan vs. China (1949-present) S. Korea vs. N. Korea (1948-present) S. Viet Nam vs. N. Viet Nam (1956-1975) FNLA/UNITA vs. MPLA (Angola, 1970s-80s) Nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador (1970s-80s) US USSR

  23. Rules of Regional Conflict • 1. No direct US-Soviet conflict • 2. No escalation

  24. 6. Deterrence and Forward Presence From Great Powers to Superpowers! What would WW III look like? Underneath all the political and military action during Cold War… US Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, The Effects of Nuclear War, 1979

  25. Hiroshima August 6, 1945

  26. Hiroshima After the bomb

  27. Hiroshima

  28. Nagasaki August 9, 1945

  29. Atomic and Nuclear Weapons

  30. ICBMIntercontinental Ballistic Missile

  31. Trajectory of ICBMs

  32. SLBM – Submarine-launched Ballistic Missile

  33. Launch Tube Hatches on USS Alabama

  34. Launch (artwork)

  35. Strategic Bombers

  36. Nuclear tests

  37. Numbers of Nuclear Weapons

  38. Info on Nuclear Weapons • Federation of American Scientists • US Strategic Command • Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists • Natural Resources Defense Council • Nuclear Threat Initiative

  39. Deterrence and Credibility • Influencing the enemy’s decision making process

  40. Why so many Weapons: Deterrence Soviet First Strike: Successful: USSR “wins” US Second strike US USSR

  41. US Second Strike Capability Soviet First Strike US Second strike Scenario: Everyone Dies US USSR

  42. Forward Presence • US Military Bases World Wide 2007

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