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WW II

WW II. 1940 - 1945. U.S. Enters the War. December 8, 1941: FDR appears before joint session of Congress declaring Dec. 7 "a day that will live in infamy " Congress votes to declare war on Japan. December 10: Japanese forces invade the Philippines

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WW II

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  1. WW II 1940 - 1945

  2. U.S. Enters the War • December 8, 1941: FDR appears before joint session of Congress declaring Dec. 7 "a day that will live in infamy" • Congress votes to declare war on Japan

  3. December 10: Japanese forces invade the Philippines • December 11: Germany & Italy declare war on US

  4. December 17: Admiral CharlesNimitz given command of Pacific Fleet • Admiral Husband Kimmel (commander at Pearl Harbor) relieved of duty

  5. December 20: FDR signs Draft Act • December 22: Churchill comes to Washington to confer with FDR

  6. Japanese Aggression Continues • Dec. 1941: Guam, Wake, Gilbert Islands fall • Spring 1942: Singapore, Hong Kong, Burma, Malay, Dutch E. Indies fall

  7. Japan dominates 450 million people in their “Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere”

  8. The Home Front

  9. Military Mobilization • Dec. 15: Congress passes 3rd Supplemental Defense Appropriations Act totaling $10,000,000,000

  10. 258,000 women enlist • WAACS (Women's Auxiliary Army Corps) • WAVES (Women Appointed for Voluntary Emergency Service) • 16 million people served by end of war

  11. Economic Mobilization • 1942: War Production Board • Regulates all non-essential production • Regulates use of raw materials

  12. War Production

  13. Emergency Price Control Act • Office of Price Administration (OPA) set prices & rationing (coupon books) • FDR freezes wages & prices to halt inflation

  14. War Labor Board • Sought to keep wages on pace with cost of living rise • 5 million women join labor force • Population shifted from NE to South & SW regions

  15. Rosie the Riveter

  16. US clocks set ahead 1 hour for Daylight Savings Time & stays throughout the war

  17. Rationing begins: • Gasoline, tires, meat, coffee, sugar, etc. • Shoe rationing begins: 3 pairs per person per year • Point (coupon) rationing system for food

  18. Smith-Connolly Labor Dispute Act (1943) • Required unions to give 30 day notice before strike in war plants & outlaws strikes in government-operated plants

  19. May 1943: John L. Lewis calls for soft coal miners strike • FDR orders mines to be seized & strike called off

  20. Federal Government seizes the railroads when strikes are threatened

  21. Office of War Mobilization created to coordinate war efforts • Withholding of income for taxes expanded to pay for war

  22. Wartime Discrimination • Dec. 1941: Alien registration begins focusing on Japanese & plans begin for internment

  23. June 1943: Detroit Race Riot • Anti-Black labor riots put down by federal troops • A. Philip Randolph, “Father of Civil Rights Movement,” emerges

  24. Feb. 1942: Japanese relocation begins • Executive Order 9066 • 100,000 Nisei lose property & forced into camps • Korematsu v. US • Bracero Program

  25. Internment Camps

  26. Manhattan Project • 1939: Einstein & Fermi warn FDR about German A-bomb research • 1942: US research begins on building A-bomb

  27. 1942: The Critical Year

  28. The Grand Alliance • Coalition of nations at war with Axis Powers • January 1942: FDR & Churchill agree to a “Hitler first” policy

  29. Fighting in the Pacific • Feb. 1942: Battle of the Java Sea • Allied naval forces virtually wiped out

  30. Philippines Fall • March 1942: General MacArthur forced to flee • Vows “I shall return!” • Assumes command of Allies in Australia

  31. Bataan Death March

  32. Bataan Death March • April 1942: 75,000 Filipino & Americans surrender in the Philippines • Marched 100 miles to concentration camp while thousands die

  33. Doolittle Raid • April: 16 US bombers under Maj. General Doolittle bomb Tokyo • Survivors land in China • Major moral booster

  34. Battle of the Coral Sea • May: First major carrier battle • US inflict heavy losses on Japan saving Australia

  35. Battle of Midway • June: Pacific naval battle • Japanese lose navalsuperiority • Major turning point in Pacific

  36. Japanese take Kiska & Attu islands in the Aleutians • US begins ALCAN highway to connect Alaska to contiguous states

  37. Guadalcanal • August: US forces land & begin first battle in grueling "island-hopping" plan to reach Japanese Islands

  38. Guadalcanal

  39. Naval Battle: US defeats major Japanese fleet • Forces Japan to abandon plans to support its forces on Guadalcanal

  40. European Strategy • May: German U-Boats drop German saboteurs on Atlantic coast • Rounded up & executed

  41. June: Office of War Information established for propaganda • June: Office of Strategic Services (OSS) created • Headed by William “Wild Bill” Donovan • Becomes CIA after war

  42. Churchill meets FDR in Washington to plan invasion of North Africa • June: Eisenhower becomes commander of Allied forces

  43. July: Allied bombing of Germany begins • A. Averell Harriman represents US in Moscow to negotiate coordination with Stalin

  44. August: US begins full-scale bombing of German forces in France • September: U-Boat devastation reaches peak

  45. Battle of Stalingrad (1942) • August: Germans begin siege • September: Battle ends with major German defeat & surrender

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