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Cellular Pathology in 30 minutes

Cellular Pathology in 30 minutes. Dr Paul Matthews September 2010. Dr Freddy Patel. Mr Ian Tomlinson. What is a cellular pathologist/histopathologist?. Doctors Make diagnoses and prognoses on human tissue Autopsy Surgical Resections Small biopsies e.g. endoscopy

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Cellular Pathology in 30 minutes

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  1. Cellular Pathology in 30 minutes Dr Paul Matthews September 2010

  2. Dr Freddy Patel Mr Ian Tomlinson

  3. What is a cellular pathologist/histopathologist? • Doctors • Make diagnoses and prognoses on human tissue • Autopsy • Surgical Resections • Small biopsies e.g. endoscopy • Tiny samples e.g. fine needle aspirate cytology

  4. How do they do that? • Macroscopy – naked eye • Microscopy – light • Funky stuff – immunochemistry, in situ hybridisation, PCR, flow cytometry

  5. What sort of diagnoses? • Broad categories • Pathological process • Not all require a biopsy diagnosis • BUT…….

  6. Pathological Processes • Inflammation • Acute • Chronic • Healing • Thrombosis and Embolisation • Atheroma • Tissue adaptations • Tumours

  7. Inflammation • Chanting is IMPORTANT!!! • Tumor, Rubor, Calor, Dolor!! • Tumor, Rubor, Calor, Dolor!! • Tumor, Rubor, Calor, Dolor!! • Tumor, Rubor, Calor, Dolor!! • Swelling, Redness, Heat, Pain!! • Acute and Chronic (short and long time)

  8. Acute Inflammation

  9. Acute Inflammation • Dilated Vessels • Leaky vessels • Neutrophils • Tumor, Rubor, Calor, Dolor!! • Common examples; acute appendicitis, acute gastritis, pneumonia.

  10. Chronic Inflammation • Lymphocytes • Macrophages • Many causes e.g. infections, auto-immunity, idiopathic.

  11. Chronic Inflammation

  12. Healing and Repair • Granulation Tissue • Blood Vessels • Connective Tissue and Cells • Regeneration • Scarring

  13. Granulation Tissue

  14. Thrombosis and Embolism • Thrombosis: Formation of a blood clot within a closed vessel during life. • Embolism: Mass, mobile in vascular system, capable of blocking vessel.

  15. Thrombosis

  16. Embolism

  17. Atheroma • Hardening of the arteries • Heart Attacks • Strokes • Gangrenous Limbs • Gangrenous Guts

  18. Atheroma

  19. Adaptations • Stress Tissues e.g. more work, physical trauma? • What do they do?

  20. Adaptations

  21. Tumours • New Growth (Neoplasia) • Tissue growth out of sync with adjacent tissue. • Benign; Stays in the same place • Malignant; Invades locally and spreads to distant sites (metastasis)

  22. Benign Breast Tumour: Fibroadenoma

  23. Malignant Breast Tumour; Breast Carcinoma

  24. Metastases

  25. Metastases

  26. Summary • Cellular/Histopathologists • Diagnosis/Prognosis on Tissue Samples • Pathological Processes • Importance of Chanting!! • T…., R…., C…., D….. • Questions?

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