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Introduction to heavy ion collisions at the NICA energy: What and How

This is a comprehensive overview that explores the theory of hadronic matter under extreme conditions in heavy-ion collisions, highlighting the progress from SIS/GSI to LHC energies. It covers the onset of deconfinement, experimental evidence, EM fields, anomalous effects, dynamical models, and various theoretical approaches like hydrodynamics, kinetic models, and chiral models presented at the Dubna conference in 2016.

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Introduction to heavy ion collisions at the NICA energy: What and How

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  1. Introduction to heavy ion collisions at the NICA energy: What and How V. Toneev, JINR THEORY of HADRONIC MATTER UNDER EXTREME CONDITIONS Dubna 31 October-03 November 2016

  2. Progress in heavy-ion acceleration SIS/GSI=> AGS/BNL=> SPS=> RHIC=> LHC √s [GeV]~ 2~5 ~20 => 200 ~2700 • M. Gazdzicki and M. I. Gorenstein, Acta Phys. Polon.B30, 2705 (1999), On the Early Stage of Nucleus--Nucleus Collisions, arXiv:hep-ph/9803462 • A. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, and J. Stachel, Phys. Lett. B673, 142 (2009) Onset of deconfinement in nucleus-nucleus collisions: Review for pedestrians and experts, arXiv:1006.1765 A. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, and J. Stachel, Phys. Lett. B A. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, and J. Stachel, Phys. Lett. B A. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, and J. Stachel, Phys. Lett. B A. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, and J. Stachel, Phys. Lett. B A. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, and J. Stachel, Phys. Lett. B A. Andronic, P. Braun-Munzinger, and J. Stachel, Phys. Lett. B 673 673 673 673 673 673 , 142 (2009 , 142 (2009 , 142 (2009 , 142 (2009 , 142 (2009 , 142 (2009

  3. NN NN NN NN NN . . . . . NN . id id id id id id Schematic statistical model p=p_id−B , ε=ε_id+B F~s0.25 M. Gazdzicki, M. I. Gorenstein, Acta Phys. Polon.B30, 2705 (1999) − − − = = = p p p = = = p p p B , ε B , ε B , ε ε ε ε + + + B B B F F F F F ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ ≈ s s s s s F ≈ s 0 0 0 0 0 0 25 25 25 25 25 25 . . . . .

  4. Experimental evidence of horn and step Horn Step Inverse slope parameter T of K+ transverse mass spectra. arXiv:1301.5823 K+/π+ yield ratio at midrapidity, arXiv:1301.5823

  5. Model comparison with dynamical models The inverse slope parameter T of the K+ transverse momentum spectrum The ratio dependence of the strangeness to pion yields, arXiv:1301.5823

  6. EM fields and anomalous effects/transport ● A moving charge radiates => charge-dependent v1 in asymmetricnuclear collisions (evidences on creation of strong EM fields). EM fields may induce novel effects deeply related to the topology and symmetry of QCD and QED ● ● ● vorticity chiral magnetic waves… arXiv:1511.04050 Search for new observables (isobar nuclear collisions to isolate CME) ●

  7. Cumulant ratios Central 0-5% Cumulant ratios Energy dependence of cumulant ratios (Sσ, kσ2) of net-proton, net-kaon and net-charge multiplicity distributions for AuAu collisions, arXiv:1606.03900.

  8. Directed flow Beam energy dependence of dv1/dy for particles (left) and antiparticles (right) in 10-40% AuAu collisions (arXiv:1610.07423)

  9. Some puzzles Energy dependence of combinations of HBT radii sensitive to expansion velocity (a) and emission duration (b). (arXiv:1610.05025) Difference in v2 for particles and antiparticles as a function of energy (PRL 110,142301 (2013))

  10. Dynamical models for HIC • Dissipative Hydrodynamics (there are many versions of the model with different EoS but only few are applied to the NICA energy) • Kinetic models (PHSD:hadron and parton degrees of freedom, crossover phase transition, QGSM, UrQMD, …) • Hybrid models (marriage of hydro and kinetics) • Chiral models (first attempts – partial restoration of chiral symmetry) • Holographic models (first steps toward this direction )

  11. Other approaches ● Lattice QCD for systems with finite baryonic chemical potential (there are many contribution papers to this meeting) ● Functional continuum methods (Current-currentcorrelators, QCD phase structure, hadron properties from Dyson-Schwinger equations…)

  12. Concluding remark There is still a lot of theoretical work

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