The Future of SDR Adaptive, Aware, or Cognitive Radio OMG Workshop Washington, DC 14 Sep 04

1. The Future of SDRAdaptive, Aware, or Cognitive RadioOMG WorkshopWashington, DC14 Sep 04 Dr. Joseph Mitola III Special Assistant (Joint Special Projects) National Security Agency and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Approved for Public Release Distribution Unlimited

2. Adaptive, Aware, or Cognitive Radio(AACR) for OMG • Important Workshop • Disclaimer: Not DoD Policy, Just Interests • Thoughts on AACR and OMG • Drive the Evolution by Strong Use Cases • Cognition Technology Challenges • Characterize Sensors & Knowledge (& Privacy) • Develop Cognition & Autonomy Technologies • Possible Implications for Global Standards • Conclusions

3. Emerging Services © UCSD School of Medicine (Leslie Lenert, MD [1])

4. Potential for SDR Base Stations Patient Tracking [1] Spectrum Sharing [2] SDR Base Stations [3]

5. CPDA- Cluster-X SDR CR in Relief Situation User Model “Hey, You’re not Joe” Was gibt? “Bitte, Ich möechte Joe finden” This radio claims it is lost “I am Joe’s COMG Do you know where he is?” Hey, the key is still in it “I have disabled the key” But we are relief partners “What’s your name and org?” I’m Jondral from Karlsruhe [Radio reconfigures to HF Band Sends: Query to Karlsruhe] “What is your first name?” Friedrich, of Course [Radio gets Reply: Friedrich] “OK, Can you page Joe for me?” Multilingual Self Aware Situation Adaptive Band Agile Info-Adaptive

6. RF Bands and Modes Environment Sensors Location: GSM (IS-136, etc) GPRS (UWC-136 ...) GPS (Glonass, …) 3G (W-CDMA …) Accelerometer RF LAN Magnetometer (North) Positioning: AM Broadcast FM Broadcast Environment Broadcast NOAA Weather (Doors, Coke Machines, ...) Timing: Police, Fire, etc. Precision Clock GPS Clock Updates Local Sensors Effectors Other: Speech Recognizer Speech Synthesizer Ambient Light Speaker ID Text Display Digital Image, Video Clip Keyboard, Buttons RF Band/ Mode Control Temperature SDR AACR Wearable Nodes

7. Services Voice Data Video Telemedicine RF Tags RF LAN Paging Location Finding User Biometrics Prioritization Language - Translate - Annotate Other? G Trade Spaces A - HF STR-2000; B - COTS Handset; C - SDR Cell Site; D - SPEAKeasy II, DMR; V - Vanu GSM Base station; X - Ideal Software Radio G = GSM Base Station 2004

8. Cognition Technology FCC Inquiry & Rules DARPA NeXt Generation Radio OMG … OMG RFI SWR Common Services Platform Specific /Independent 15 Sep 04

9. Aware-Adaptive Radio Not Authorized Users, Uses Cognitive Radio Pre-Defined (Supervised) Behaviors (Easy) Autonomously Learns from Experience (Hard) Authorized Uses Own User (s) (Authorized) Regulatory Policy Privacy Behavior Models Etiquette Non-Repudiation Language RF Propagation Encryption Sports Others Authentication Office HW/SW Temp Home Protocols Soft Biometrics Self Network Location Video Speech Touch Time Scenes Awareness AACR Trade Space NeXt Gen (XG) Policy Aware & Adaptive Location Aware Network Aware Learns About Self, New Behaviors Learns RF-Space-Time-Power Learns About Others Learns Users Needs Spectrum Management Responsibility Chain Beyond 3G Testbeds

10. Cognition Cognition Cycle RKRL Frames Ontologies Descriptors Effectors User(s) Identity Needs Behaviors ... Environment Space-Time Propagation Network Environment Meta-Software Known Self User RKRL = Radio Knowledge Representation Language Cognitive Radio Self Knowledge • 2002 for the US DoD Adapted from Cognitive Radio, Doctoral Dissertation, KTH, Stockholm, Jun 2000 (www.it.kth.se/~jmitola)

11. PDA Multi-RF Reconfigurablity • Cost/Performance • Spatial RF (MIMO) • Multi-RF => 2D/3D Perception [5] • RF + MIMO Signature = North? • CDMA Correlation Kernel • + Cameras = depth and optical flow [6] • + Microphones = 2D acoustic focus [7] • Architecture Challenges

12. Conclusions • SDR AACR Enables Mobility "At the Edge" • Standards Evolution from SDR Forum to OMG • Continued Convergence of Military and Commercial Sectors • Aware/Adaptive Radio • Policy Language of XG enables better control • Location-aware, user aware … situation-aware • Monitor patients, optimize triage, track personnel • Cognition = Learn from Experience • Still "DARPA-Hard" - lower cost mass-customization • OMG Has a Key Role • Affordable multi-sensory perception and action in AACR

13. References • “UCSD, VA and Cal-(IT)² Wireless Technology To Enhance Mass Casualty Treatment in Disasters” UCSD Health Sciences News (San Diego, CA: University of California at San Diego) 23 Oct 03 • Joseph Mitola III, “Cognitive Radio for Flexible Mobile Multimedia Communications”, Mobile Multimedia Communications (MoMUC 99) (NY: IEEE Press) November, 1999 • Joseph Mitola, Software Radio Architecture, (NY: Wiley) June 2000 • Joseph Mitola III, "Signal Processing Technology Challenges of Cognitive Radio," Proceedings of the Baiona Workshop on Signal Processing in Communications (Vigo, Spain: U. de Vigo) Sep 03 • T. Kanter, Adaptive Personal Mobile Communication, Licentiate Thesis (Stockholm, Sweden: The Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)) Mar 2000 • Goeffrey Barrows, Centeye Summary of Capabilities (Washington, DC: Centeye) Oct 03 • Center for Spoken Dialog Research projects NSF-ITR Reading Tutor Project, DARPA Communicator Project, and CU Move In-Vehicle Research (cslr.colorado.edu), Jul 03