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Bellwork

Bellwork. Describe 7 objects around the classroom that contain minerals. You can refer to Appendix H of your textbook for guidance. Pg. 918. MINERALS. What is a Mineral?. Short Video 3:38

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Bellwork

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  1. Bellwork • Describe 7 objects around the classroom that contain minerals. • You can refer to Appendix H of your textbook for guidance. Pg. 918

  2. MINERALS

  3. What is a Mineral? Short Video 3:38 • http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=C068FDD9-CB53-41DB-AFD3-0309E0C1A43C&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=US&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=

  4. Minerals Earth’s crust is composed of about 3000 minerals • Minerals: • form from magma or solution • form rocks • have a chemical composition • crystalline Structure • Most abundant Feldspar and Quartz • Humans use and make products out of minerals

  5. Definite Crystalline Structure • Atoms in minerals are arranged in geometric patterns • 6 major crystal systems

  6. Mohs' hardness scale:1 = softest………10 = hardest

  7. Minerals identified by physical and chemical properties • Color – (physical characteristic) • Luster - (metalic, dull, pearly, waxy, silky) • Texture – (smooth, rough, ragged, greasy, soapy, or glassy) • Streak – (color of its powder) • Hardness – (does it scratch easily?) • Cleavage – (splits easily & evenly) • Fracture – (breaks rough or ragged edges) • Density and Specific Gravity – (atomic weight and structure)

  8. Gems • Gems are rare, precious, highly prized mineral that can be cut, polished, and used for jewelry. • Rubies, emeralds, and diamonds

  9. What is the hardest mineral? • Diamond – scratches all common materials

  10. ROCKS

  11. What is a Rock? • Naturally occurring mixtures of minerals. • Sometimes includes organic matter

  12. What is the difference between a ROCK and a MINERAL? • Rocks are made up of ONE or MORE minerals. • Minerals are an inorganic substance in nature • Occurs naturally; solid • Has its own characteristics appearance and chemical composition • Mined or extracted from the ground

  13. Does a rock stay the same rock forever? • NO! • Rocks are continually changed by many processes such as: • Weathering • Erosion • Compaction • Cementation • Melting • Cooling

  14. Rocks are divided into 3 groups based on how they are formed: • IGNEOUS • SEDIMENTARY • METAMORPHIC

  15. Earth materials change back and forth among the difference types of rocks. The Rock Cycle

  16. Igneous Rocks • “Ignis” = Latin for “fire” • Formed from the cooling of either magma or lava • The most abundant type of rock • Classified according to their origin and composition

  17. 2 Types of Igneous Rock “IN”-TRUSIVE (inside) / below ground • From magma • Cool slowly • Large crystal grains “EX”–TRUSIVE(outside)/above ground • From lava • Small/no crystals • Cool quickly • Click here…..

  18. Video 4:09 Our World - The Rock Cycle • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRaInMDNyE8

  19. Peridotite: Intrusive or Extrusive? Why?

  20. Granite: Intrusive or Extrusive? Why?

  21. Obsidian: Intrusive or Extrusive? Why?

  22. Sedimentary Rocks • Formed from sediments: • rock fragments, • mineral grains, • animal & plant remains • Pressed or cemented together • Or sediments precipitate out of a solution. • Moved by wind, water, ice or gravity • Only kind of rock containing fossils • Form horizontal layers

  23. 3 Sedimentary Categories • Clastic rock– formed by mechanical weathering • Chemical rock– when rocks dissolve, the solution cools or evaporates • Organic rock – formed from compaction of plant remains

  24. What turns sediments into solid rock? • erosion & deposition • compaction • cementation • Exp. Grand Canyon

  25. Metamorphic Rocks meta=change morphe=form Rocks that change due to intense temperature and pressure

  26. 2 Textural Groups: • Foliated • Wavy layers and bands of minerals • Flat or needlelike crystals perpendicular to the pressure • Nonfoliated • Lack mineral grains with long axis in one direction • Blocky crystal shapes

  27. What occurs in the Earth to change these rocks? • Pressurefrom overlying rock layers • High heat, but not enough to melt the rock • Rocks may be flattened or bent or atoms may be exchanged to form new minerals.

  28. You can think of metamorphic rocks as a squished peanut butter & jelly sandwich in your lunch.

  29. Bill Nye Video 23:05 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJA-QJmk4Z4&feature=player_embedded

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