Chapter 8 New Research Field in Molecular Biology

1. Chapter 8 New Research Field in Molecular Biology

2. 8.1 Bioinformatics

3. What is bioinformatics?Bioinformatics and computational biology involve the use of techniques including applied mathematics, informatics, statistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, chemistry, and biochemistry to solve biological problems usually on the molecular level.

4. 2. Major research fields (1) Sequence analysis (3) Computational evolutionary biology (4) Measuring biodiversity (5) Analysis of gene expression (6) Analysis of regulation (7) Analysis of protein expression (8) Analysis of mutations in cancer (9) Prediction of protein structure (10) Comparative genomics (11) Modeling biological systems (12) High-throughput image analysis

5. 3. Databases BLAST ACCESS dbEST / Expressed Sequence Tags database ceDB databases Phenotypic databases LIMS BASE MOLCAS ……..

6. 8.2 Proteome & Proteomics

7. 1. What is Proteome? • Proteome - All the proteins expressed by a cell , tissue or organism at a particular time and under specific conditions.

8. 2. What is Proteomics? • Proteomics is the systematic study of all of the proteins in a cell, tissue, or organism. The analysis includes the identification, expression, localizations, functions (physiological and pathophysiological functions), and interactions of proteomes.

9. 4. Branches of Proteomics • Expressional Proteomics • Functional Proteomics • Structural Proteomics

10. Protein Microarrays

11. 蛋白质芯片的意义 • 用于构建蛋白质表达谱, • 进行抗原-抗体筛选, • 药物靶点筛选, • 蛋白质-蛋白质交互作用筛选等 • 是蛋白质组进行功能分析的新技术

12. 一个芯片上可以容纳 • 一种蛋白质的所有变异体 • 一个蛋白质家族的所有成员 • 一条信号通路中的所有蛋白质 • 一种组织、器官或有机体的所有蛋白质

13. Different Kinds of Protein Arrays Antibody Array Antigen Array Ligand Array Detection by: SELDI MS, fluorescence, SPR, electrochemical, radioactivity, microcantelever

15. 蛋白质芯片检测 • 无探针标记检测法 • 探针标记检测法 • 表面增强激光解吸离子化技术 • (Surface enhanced laser desorption/ionization, SELDI) • 表面等离子体共振检测技术（surface plasmon resonance, SPR） • 原子力显微镜检测技术 • （atomic force microscope, AFM ） • 同位素标记检测 • 荧光标记检测 • 化学发光检测 • 酶免疫标记检测 • 胶体金标记检测

16. 蛋白质芯片的应用 疾病诊断和预警 药物开发 蛋白质组学

17. Problems • Expensive • Standard • Specificity • Sensitivity

18. Functional Proteomics (in vitro) • Multi-well plate readers • Full automation/robotics • Fluorescent and/or chemi-luminescent detection • Small volumes (mL) • Up to 1536 wells/plate • Up to 200,000 tests/day • Mbytes of data/day

19. In silico methods (bioinformatics) • Genome-wide Protein Tagging • Genome-wide Gene Deletion or Knockouts • Random Tagged Mutagenisis or Transposon Insertion • Yeast two-hybrid Methods • Protein (Ligand) Chips

20. Structural Proteomics High Throughput protein structure determination via  X-ray crystallography  NMR  spectroscopy  comparative molecular modeling

21. Structural Proteomics: The Goal

22. Why Structural Proteomics? • Structure Function • Structure Mechanism • Structure-based Drug Design • Solving the Protein Folding Problem

23. Agriculture Medicine Bioinformatics Proteomics Genomics Bioinformatics & Proteomics

24. 8.3 Metabonome & Metabonomics

25. 1. What is Metabonome ? - It refers the complete set of metabologically regulated elements in cells.

26. 2. What is Metabonomics Metabonomics is the branch of science concerned with the quantitative understandings of the metabolite complement of integrated living systems and its dynamic responses to the changes of both endogenous factors and exogenous factors.

27. 代谢组学的中心任务：  对内源性代谢物质的整体及其动态变化  对规律进行检测，量化和编录  确定此变化规律和生物过程的有机联系

28. 代谢组学的应用 • 疾病诊断 • 药物的疗效和毒性评价 • 植物的细胞代谢组学评价

30. By the end... Systems Biology

31. Final Exam

32. Thank You Very Much