Where do mountains, volcanoes, and other topographic features come from?

1. Where do mountains, volcanoes, and other topographic features come from? Day 1 Section 9.2-9.3

2. Exploring the Earth Description Examine plate tectonics and the theories of continental drift and seafloor spreading. Discover why geologists believe that Earth’s continents may one day be rejoined as one landmass. Pre-viewing question Q: Where have you seen evidence of the movement of Earth’s plates? Post-viewing question Q: Describe the relationship of continental drift and plate tectonics.

3. Key Concepts 9.2 • According to the plate tectonics theory, the uppermost mantle, along with the overlying crust, behaves as a strong, rigid layer. This layer is known as the lithosphere. • The three main types of boundaries are convergent, divergent, and transform fault boundaries.

4. Key Concepts 9.3 • Seafloor spreading is the process by which plate tectonics produces new oceanic lithosphere. • A subduction zone occurs when one oceanic plate is forced down into the mantle beneath a second plate. • At a transform fault boundary, plates grind past each other without destroying the lithosphere.

5. Vocabulary 9.2-9.3 • Plate tectonics • Plates • Divergent boundary • Convergent boundary • Transform fault boundary • Oceanic ridge • Rift valley • Seafloor spreading • Subduction zone • Trench • Continental volcanic arc • Volcanic island arc

6. Easy-to-Draw Illustrations Plate Tectonics

7. Lithospheric Plate Puzzle Activity

8. Plate Tectonics Table

9. Homework Assignment • Read Chapter 9 Section 2 and answer Questions 1-5 at the end of the section. • Read Chapter 9 Section 3 and Answer questions 1-7 at the end of the section.

10. Where do mountains, volcanoes, and other topographic features come from? Day 2 Section 10.3 and 11.3

11. Key Concepts 10.3 • The basic connection between plate tectonics and volcanism is that plate motions provide the mechanisms by which mantle rocks melt to generate magma. • Most intraplate volcanism occurs where a mass of hotter than normal mantle material called a mantle plume rises towards the surface.

12. Key Concepts 11.3 • Most mountain building occurs at convergent plate boundaries. Colliding plates provide compressional forces that fold, fault, and metamorphose the thick layers of sediments deposited at the edges of landmasses. • Ocean-ocean convergence mainly produces volcanic mountains.

13. Key Concepts 11.3 • The types of mountains formed by ocean-continental convergence are volcanic mountains and folded mountains. • At a convergent boundary between two plates carrying continental crust, a collision between the continental fragments will result and for folded mountains. • The mountains that form along ocean ridges at divergent plate boundaries are fault-block type mountains.

14. Vocabulary • Magma • Lava • Intraplate volcanism • Hot spot • Folded mountains • Fault-block mountains

15. Matching • Identify which type of plate boundary produced the following features around the Earth: • East African Rift Valley • Mid-Atlantic Ridge • Mt. St. Helens • Hawaiian islands • Himalayas • Alps • Andes mountains • Aleutian islands • Appalachians • Urals

16. Homework Assignment • Read section 10.3 (293-295); Answer questions 1-6 on pg. 295 • Read section 11.3 (317-321); Answer questions 1,2,5, and 6 on pg. 324