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Pathologic Basis of Diseases Neuropathology. Jean Michaud, MD, FRCPC CMM 5001 March 2, 2011. Plan of the course. Introduction and basic changes in the CNS and PNS Stroke Tumours Neurodegeneration Inflammation and white matter diseases Muscle disorders. Major cells of the CNS. Neurons
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Pathologic Basis of DiseasesNeuropathology Jean Michaud, MD, FRCPC CMM 5001 March 2, 2011
Plan of the course • Introduction and basic changes in the CNS and PNS • Stroke • Tumours • Neurodegeneration • Inflammation and white matter diseases • Muscle disorders
Major cells of the CNS • Neurons • Glial cells: -astrocytes -oligodendrocytes -ependymal cells -microglial cells
Supporting structures • Meninges: arachnoid cells • Choroid plexus • Blood vessels: blood-brain barrier
Organization of the CNS and diseases • Not all cells in the CNS are ‘equal’: while some disease processes affect some groups of cells more than others (‘selective vulnerability’), other disease processes could affect other areas more. • Not all areas in the brain are equal: most areas in the brain have specific functions: a same disease process in two different areas of the brain, often give different symptoms. • Some disease processes are the same in the brain as elsewhere in the body, while others are unique to the brain (eg demyelinative disease, neurodegenerations)
NEURON • Maturity: G0 phase • Great metabolic activity requiring a continuous supply of O2 and glucose
Neuronal cell death • Necrosis; phagocytosis by macrophages: acute neuronal death, viral infections • Apoptosis • ‘Simple atrophy’: loss of cell volume and ultimately cell death due to metabolic derangement (often in neurodegeneration).
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