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Experiences with RPC Detectors in Iran and their Potential Applications

IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12): Neutrino Physics and Astrophysics School of Physics, IPM, Tehran, Iran September 26-October 1, 2012 (5-10 Mehr , 1391 ). Tarbiat Modares University. Experiences with RPC Detectors in Iran and their Potential Applications.

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Experiences with RPC Detectors in Iran and their Potential Applications

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  1. IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12): Neutrino Physics and AstrophysicsSchool of Physics, IPM, Tehran, IranSeptember 26-October 1, 2012(5-10 Mehr, 1391) TarbiatModaresUniversity Experiences with RPC Detectors in Iran and their Potential Applications Ahmad Moshaii (TMU)TarbiatModares University, Tehran, Iran A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  2. Outlines • Introducing Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) detector • Simulation of RPC performance • Experimental activities with RPC detector • Potential Applications of RPC detector A. Moshaii, First IPM Meeting on LHC Physics, Isfahan 20-24 April, 2009 A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  3. Introducing Resistive Plate Chamber (RPC) Detector Transverse slice through RPC: READOUT STRIPS X INSULATOR (Myler) HV GRAPHITE COATING HIGH RESISTIVITY ELECTRODE GAS GAP SPACER GND READOUT STRIPS Y Resistivity of the plates should be more than 1010.cm A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  4. An Introduction to RPC 3D View: A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  5. An Introduction to RPC Layout of CMS RPCs: A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  6. Principles of Operation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + High Resistive Plates + - Gas Gap - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Ionization Beam A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  7. _ + Principles of Operation + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + High Resistive Plates Gas Gap - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  8. Principles of Operation + + + + - + - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + High Resistive Plates Gas Gap - - - - - + + - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  9. Principles of Operation 1s for Glass 10ms for Bakelite + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + High Resistive Plates Gas Gap - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  10. - - - - - - - - Cathode Anode A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  11. Modes of Operation • Recombination • Ionization • Proportional • Limited Proportional • Geiger-Muller • Discharge Pulse Amplitude (log scale) RPC Operation Regions VI II III I IV V V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 Applied Voltage A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  12. Modes of Operation Breakdown Point • Recombination • Ionization • Proportional • Limited Proportional • Geiger-Muller • Discharge Pulse Amplitude (log scale) RPC Streamer Mode RPC Avalanche Mode VI II III I IV V V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 Applied Voltage A. Moshaii, First IPM Meeting on LHC Physics, Isfahan 20-24 April, 2009

  13. Modes of Operation • Recombination • Ionization • Proportional • Limited Proportional • Geiger-Muller • Discharge Pulse Amplitude (log scale) Space Charge Becomes Important VI II III I IV V V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 V6 Applied Voltage A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  14. Modes of Operation Space Charge Effect: The electrons are collected relatively quickly (ns) at the anode leaving behind the positive ions that move much more slowly. The positive ions form a space charge that appreciably distort the electric field and the process of electron avalanche inside the gap. Space charge is the main factor restricting the avalanche growth A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  15. Simulation of RPC performance Based on Transport Equations: Townsend Coefficient : Attachment Coefficient: Drift Velocity : ne is the number density of electrons n+ and n-are the number densities of positive and negative ions S is photon contribution for the electrons avalanche

  16. Dynamic Simulation Dynamic Simulation Based on Transport Equations: Space charge field: A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  17. Dynamic Simulation Simulation Input: • MAGBOLTZ (Townsend Coefficient, Attachment Coefficient, Drift Velocity) Steve Biagi A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  18. Dynamic Simulation Space Charge: Origin Anode Cathode A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  19. Dynamic Simulation Space Charge: P r Gap Anode Cathode A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  20. Dynamic Simulation = Initial condition Finite Difference Method (Lax Numerical Scheme): = Boundary condition = Interior point Time Distance A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  21. Dynamic Simulation Avalanche Mode Avalanche to Streamer Transition Streamer Mode R. Cardarelli, V. Makeev, R. Santonico, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A382 (1996) 470 A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  22. Dynamic Simulation Avalanche Mode Initial Conditions: A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  23. Monte Carlo Simulation & Results Charge Spectrum:

  24. Dynamic Simulation Avalanche Mode Spatiotemporal Growth: P. Fonte, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Science, 43:2135–2140, 1996 Compared to: approximate analytical solution. A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  25. Dynamic Simulation Avalanche Mode A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  26. Dynamic Simulation Avalanche Mode Space Charge Field: A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  27. Dynamic Simulation Avalanche Mode (5 Clusters) Initial Conditions: A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  28. Dynamic Simulation Avalanche Mode (5 Clusters) Spatiotemporal Growth: A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  29. Dynamic Simulation Avalanche Mode (5 Clusters) Spatiotemporal Growth: A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  30. Dynamic Simulation Avalanche Mode (5 Clusters) Spatiotemporal Growth: A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  31. Dynamic Simulation Avalanche Mode (5 Clusters) Spatiotemporal Growth: A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  32. Dynamic Simulation Avalanche Mode (5 Clusters) Spatiotemporal Growth: A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  33. Dynamic Simulation Avalanche Mode (5 Clusters) Still not enough to distort the applied field Total Electric Field: A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  34. Dynamic Simulation Avalanche Mode (5 Clusters) A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  35. Dynamic Simulation Avalanche to Streamer Transition Spatiotemporal Growth: A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  36. Dynamic Simulation Avalanche to Streamer Transition Space Charge is becoming comparable to the applied field Space Charge Field: A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  37. Dynamic Simulation Streamer Mode Spatiotemporal Growth: A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  38. Dynamic Simulation Streamer Mode Pre-Pulse Streamer Pulse A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  39. Main Simulation outputs: • Monte Carlo Avalanche Simulation • Space Charge • Avalanche Mode • Saturated Avalanche Mode • Streamer Formation Dynamic Simulation A. Moshaii, IPM international school and workshop on Particle Physics (IPP12)

  40. Experimental activities with RPC detector READOUT STRIPS X INSULATOR GRAPHITE COATING Window glass HIGH RESISTIVITY ELECTRODE GAS GAP Window glass READOUT STRIPS Y Aluminum foil 38 cm Graphite coating R=50 Ω Resistor 45 cm 20 kΩ Mylar sheet HV connection Silicone glue Faraday cage

  41. Construction of the Gas Mixing System for RPCs Gas Mixing System Diagram

  42. Construction of the Gas Mixing System for RPCs 50 cm 2- States Valve: To allow the gas flow Regulator: To adjust the input gas pressure Pressure Gauge: to show the input gas pressure Temperature Gauge: to show the input gas temperature Bubbler: To have a uniform flow in RPC Pressure Gauge: to show the mixed gas pressure Mixer: to mix the used gases (Ar/CO2) 3-States valve: To select the output gas mixture Low Range Flow Meter( 0-20 L/H) Gas Mixture Outputs Gas Connector 150 cm

  43. Experimental Study of the RPCs Time Resolution HV Supply Experimental Setup +HV 50 Ω signal Glass RPC Digital oscilloscope Gas input Gas output -HV Gas mixing system Ar bubbler CO2 ground

  44. TMU Experimental Study of the RPCs Time Resolution Charged particles HV Supply Fall Time: Ion Component Rise Time: Electron Component +HV 50 Ω signal Glass RPC Digital oscilloscope Gas input Gas output -HV Gas mixing system Ar bubbler CO2 ground

  45. TMU 2-mm glass RPC 2-mm Gas Gap HV= 3.5 kv Ar

  46. 1-mm glass RPC 1-mm Gas Gap HV= 4, 5 kv Ar/CO2 50/50 HV= 5 kv HV= 4 kv HV= 4 kv HV= 5 kv

  47. 2-mm glass RPC 1-mm Gas Gap HV= 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 kv Ar/CO2 50/50 HV= 2.5 kv HV= 3 kv HV= 3 kv HV= 2.5 kv HV= 4 kv HV= 3.5 kv HV= 4 kv HV= 3.5 kv

  48. 2-mm glass RPC 1-mm Gas Gap HV= 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 kv Ar/CO2 70/30 HV= 2.5 kv HV= 3 kv HV= 3 kv HV= 2.5 kv HV= 4 kv HV= 3.5 kv HV= 4 kv HV= 3.5 kv

  49. 2-mm glass RPC 1-mm Gas Gap HV= 2, 3, 3.5 kv Ar/CO2 85/15 HV=2 kv HV=3 kv HV=2 KV HV=3.5 KV HV=3 KV HV=3.5 kv

  50. 2-mm glass RPC 1-mm Gas Gap Entries: 200 HV= 3 kv Ar/CO2 50/50

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