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History of Computers The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century onwards though, the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, describing a machine that carries out computations.
Early Computers Zuse Z3 (Germany)-May 1941 Atanasoff–Berry Computer (US)-1942 Colossus Mark 1 (UK)-February 1944 Harvard Mark I – IBM ASCC (US) -May 1944 Colossus Mark 2 (UK)-June 1944 The "castle clock", an astronomical clock invented by Al-Jazari in 1206, is considered to be the earliest programmable analog computer. ENIAC (US)-July 1946 Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (Baby) (UK)-June 1948 Modified ENIAC (US)-September 1948 EDSAC (UK)-May 1949 Manchester Mark 1 (UK)-October 1949 CSIRAC (Australia)-November 1949
Hardware Hardware is a general term for the physical artifacts of a technology. It may also mean the physical componentsof a computer system , in the form of computer hardware. Hardware historically meant the metal parts and fittings that were used to make wooden products stronger, more functional, longer lasting and easier to fabricate or assemble. Modern hardware stores typically sell equipment such as keys, locks, hinges, latches, corners, handles, wire, chains, plumbing supplies, tools, utensils, cutlery and machine parts, especially when they are made of metal.
Software • Computer software, or just software, is the collection of computer programsand related data that provide the instructions telling a computer what to do. The term was coined to contrast to the old term hardware(meaning physical devices). In contrast to hardware, software is intangible, meaning it "cannot be touched". Software is also sometimes used in a more narrow sense, meaning application softwareonly. Sometimes the term includes data that has not traditionally been associated with computers, such as film, tapes and records.
Types of software • Device -is a computer program allowing higher-level computer programs to interact with a hardware device. • Operating systems-is the software on a computer that manages the way different programs use its hardware, and regulates the ways that a user controls the computer. • Servers-is any combination of hardware or softwaredesigned to provide services to clients. • Utilities-is a kind of system software designed to help analyze, configure, optimize and maintain the computer. A single piece of utility software is usually called a utility or tool. • Windowing systems-is a component of a graphical user interface (GUI), and more specifically of a desktop environment, which supports the implementation of window managers, and provides basic support for graphics hardware, pointing devices such as mice, and keyboards
Computer Security Computer Security-is a branch of computer technology known as information securityas applied to computers and networks. The objective of computer security includes protection of information and property from theft, corruption, or natural disaster, while allowing the information and property to remain accessible and productive to its intended users.
Computer Ethics Computer Ethics is a branch of practical philosophy which deals with how computing professionals should make decisions regarding professional and social conduct.
