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Major Changes in European Landscapes. illustration. 1. agricultural intensification. coastal lowlands, river lowlands, wetlands, polders, deltas. A3. pold ers, Netherlands. 2. agricultural marginalization. natural factors – soils, climate social factors – transport, distribution
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Major Changes in European Landscapes illustration
1. agricultural intensification • coastal lowlands, river lowlands, wetlands, polders, deltas
2. agriculturalmarginalization natural factors – soils, climate social factors – transport, distribution result: only hobby farming.....secondary succession, more natural ecosystems re-established Intensification and marginalization are connected
3. Urban sprawl • Spread of infrastructure consumes considerable space, loss of habitats
4. Landscape fragmentation • Fragmentation of landscape scenery, historic elements and structures, isolation of ecosystems and animals
5. Discontinuity • Natural • Cultural – symbolic
6. New landscapes emerging • “new” functions • landscape as a PET – Nature (Příroda), Ecology, Tourism
endogenous natural and human sources are not more important global replacement (lost of biodiversity, sustainability, multifunctionality, regional characteristic patterns of agro/eco/system) segregation of landscape function, only most profitable local products if any alienation from landscape spatial and temporal segregation Unification of landscapes, adaptation for technology not for nature Emerging trends in European landscapes from local to global