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International Measurement of Culture: UNESCO Framework Revisited

Explore the importance of a clear and comprehensive framework for measuring culture, including economic contributions, social impact, and cross-country comparability. Discover key sectors, concerns, and data classifications while addressing policy and statistical challenges.

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International Measurement of Culture: UNESCO Framework Revisited

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  1. International Measurement of CultureJohn C GordonStatistics DirectorateParis, 4-5 December, 2006

  2. Framework • UNESCO FCS • 1986: Framework published • 2006: Framework revisited/reworked • Eurostat 2000 LEG • Many others • Are we going to start all over again? • NO

  3. Framework Principles • Clear Comprehensive Framework is crucial to comparability • Should co-ordinate not conflict with other international frameworks. • Comprehensive - integrate a variety of aspects using multiple standards: • Industry/economic activity • Occupation • Product • Government expenditures • Consumer expenditures

  4. Some Concerns • Secondary activity (industry/occupation) usually hidden • Culture industries not necessarily homogeneous, not well measured by sample surveys • Volunteers mostly invisible • Culture not well served by most standards.

  5. OECD Scope (interim)(draft report, p9) • Advertising • Architecture • Video, film and photography • Music and the visual and performing arts incl. festivals • Publishing / Written media incl. printing • Radio and TV (Broadcasting) • Art and antiques trade • Design (including Designer fashion) • Crafts • Libraries (includes archives) • Museums • Heritage sites • Electronic games

  6. The Culture Sector's * Share • Culture Contribution to GDP • Australia 3.1% (1998) • Canada 3.5% (2002) • France 2.8% (2003) • USA 3.3% (2002) • UK 5.8% (2003) • Culture Portion of Labour Force • Australia 5.1% (2001) • Canada 3.8% (2003) • USA 2.5% (2003) • UK 4.3% (2004)

  7. The Economy of Culture in Europe (EC 2006) • “A strategic approach to the culture Sector needs to be informed by the development of appropriate statistical tools and indicators at both national and European levels. . . In Europe, in the framework of statistical systems currently implemented, the statistical categorisations are not adapted to cultural activities and occupations. In addition, data generally provided by national statistical institutes either do not offer the level of details required, or are not available at all. • Establish a strong quantitative evidence base for policy makers.

  8. Importance of Measures Social Impact • Economic outcomes are not why most people become involved in culture and, therefore, economic indicators alone cannot be expected to provide exhaustive measures of the benefits cultural involvement brings to individuals and to the societies formed by these individuals.

  9. Criteria for Measures • They must be measurable. That is to say that the underlying data required to produce the measure must be available or, if not presently available, there must be a practical methodology available to obtain the required data. • Comparisons at the international level must be meaningful, and of course, the measures must be truly comparable. • These comparisons should be useful to policy makers at the national level.

  10. Clarity • Data gatherer must understand what data are needed. • Data provider must understand what data are being requested. • Both gatherer and provider must have the SAMEunderstanding

  11. Classification Standards • National standards • International standards • Revision to standards – OECD role • Culture specific standards • Allocation factors • Generic methodologies

  12. Satellite Accounts • Finland • Chile • Columbia • Mexico • Convenio Andrés Bello offering support • OECD expert group ?

  13. What's next this morning? • OECD Data table construction • Coffee • Discussion of frameworks

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