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Classification of Matter: Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes

This article explains the classification of matter into pure substances and mixtures, as well as the concepts of physical and chemical properties and changes. It covers the characteristics, examples, and separation methods of each type of matter.

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Classification of Matter: Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes

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  1. MATTER Ch. 18 - Classification of Matter I. Describing Matter Physical Property Physical Change Chemical Change Chemical Property

  2. A. Physical Property • A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing its identity. • can be used to separate mixtures • EX: magnetism, density

  3. B. Physical Change • A change in the form of a substance without changing its identity. • properties remain the same • reversible • can be used to separate mixtures • EX: dissolving, grinding

  4. C. Chemical Change • A change in the identity of a substance. • properties change • irreversible • Signs: color change, formation of a gas/solid, release of light/heat • EX: burning, rusting

  5. D. Chemical Property • A characteristic that indicates whether a substance can undergo a specific chemical change. • EX: flammability, reactivity

  6. MATTER Ch. 18 - Classification of Matter II. Composition of Matter Matter Flowchart Pure Substances Mixtures

  7. MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE yes no yes no Is the composition uniform? Can it be decomposed by chemical means? A. Matter Flowchart See lecture handout. MATTER yes no Can it be separated by physical means? Homogeneous Mixture (solution) Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

  8. B. Pure Substances • Element • matter composed of identical atoms • EX: copper

  9. B. Pure Substances • Compound • matter composed of 2 or more elements in a fixed ratio • properties differ from those of individual elements • EX: salt (NaCl)

  10. C. Mixtures • Variable combination of 2 or more pure substances. Use the remaining info to fill in the table on the lecture handout. • Homogeneous Mixture (Solution) • even distribution of components • very small particles • particles never settle • EX: saline solution

  11. C. Mixtures • Heterogeneous Mixture • uneven distribution of components • colloids and suspensions • EX: granite

  12. C. Mixtures • Colloid • medium-sized particles • Tyndall effect - particles scatter light (looks cloudy) • particles never settle • EX: milk

  13. C. Mixtures • Suspension • large particles • particles scatter light • particles will settle (needs to be shaken) • EX: fresh-squeezed lemonade

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