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Matter Classification & Separation Techniques

Explore the classification of matter, from physical changes to chemical changes, mixtures, pure substances, and separation methods. Learn about elements, compounds, homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures, and how to separate them using techniques like filtration, distillation, and chromatography. Dive into concepts such as solvents, solutes, solutions, and the properties of matter. Engage in experiments to understand the difference between mixtures and pure substances, and learn how to separate various substances using different methods.

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Matter Classification & Separation Techniques

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  1. Classification of Matter

  2. Review • physicalchange: the chemical composition (makeup or parts) of the matter stays the same. • Ex: state changes (solid to liquid to gas), changing shape (ripping, squishing)

  3. Review • chemicalchange: a compound’s chemical composition (makeup) is changed – it becomes a new substance • ex: burning, rusting, reacting

  4. MATTER Mixture Pure Substance Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element Atom Physically separated Chemically separated Can’t be separated

  5. matter: has volume (takes up space), and mass • can be solid, liquid or gas • mixture: several different substances NOT chemically combined, can be physically separated into pure substances • homogeneous: evenly mixed (solution) • ex: salt water, air • heterogeneous: not evenly mixed • ex: sand, soup

  6. AIR

  7. pure substance: constant (same) composition (homogeneous), • ex: water H2O or lead Pb • compound or an element • compound: chemically bonded elements ex: CO2

  8. Compound

  9. element: can not be separated physically or chemically, made of a single kind of atom • atom: smallest particles of an element, can not be chemically separated

  10. Element

  11. MOLECULES ELEMENT COMPOUND MIXTURE

  12. Monatomic Diatomic ex: noble gases: He, NE, Ar, Kr… Ex: halogens: F2, Cl2, Br2, H2

  13. What classification of matter? (from the flow chart) • Matter that can be physically separated and is uniform (evenly mixed). • Matter that can not be physically separated. • Matter that can not be physically separated and can not be decomposed (broken apart) by chemical means. • Matter that can be physically separated. • Matter that can be physically separated but does not have a uniform (evenly mixed) composition.

  14. Matter that can not be physically separated but can be decomposed (broken down) by chemical means. • Can an element be broken down chemically? • How is a mixture different from a pure substance? • How is an element different from a compound?

  15. Element or compound? • neon • sodium bichlorate • silver • potassium chloride • carbon dioxide • helium

  16. An unknown silvery powder has a constant melting point and does not chemically or physically separate into other substances. The unknown substance can be classified as – A. an element B. a compound C. a mixture D. an alloy (a homogenous mixture of metals)

  17. A student examines a sample of matter and finds that she can’t separate it into its parts physically or chemically. This matter is: a. an element b. a homogeneous mixture c. a heterogeneous mixture d. a gas

  18. One example of a pure substance is: a. paper b. cookie dough c. rocks and sand d. water

  19. Separating a mixture Is separating a mixture a chemical process or a physical process?

  20. solvent: the part of a solution doing the dissolving (the liquid) • solute: a substance being dissolved in a liquid • solution: the mixture of a solvent and a solute SOLUTE SOLUTION SOLUTION SOLVENT

  21. soluble: dissolves in a solvent • insoluble: does not dissolve

  22. Salt and water? • filtration: insoluble solute not dissolved in a solvent • Ex: sand and water

  23. evaporation: solute can not evaporate, but solvent can • ex: water and sand; water and salt

  24. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkW8MQRq82w

  25. distillation: separation of a mixture of liquids that evaporate at different temperatures, by evaporating, condensing and collecting each liquid.

  26. Distillation

  27. chromatography: Mixture of solids of different masses floating in a liquid. • Lighter solids move farther and faster! • Ex: ink, DNA

  28. Experiment • What color is black ink? • Is ink a mixture or pure substance? • How could we find out?

  29. What method would you use… • to separate sand from water? • to separate two kinds of paint mixed with one another? • to separate gasoline from water? • to separate salt from water?

  30. With your group • Write the following words and phrases, one per index card, neatly! • matter • compound • element • homogeneous mixture • heterogeneous mixture • chromatography • solid • liquid • gas • temperature • kinetic theory • evaporation • condensation • filtration • melting • freezing • sublimation • deposition • solvent • solute • solution • distillation

  31. Experiment • What color is black ink? • Is ink a mixture or pure substance? • How could we find out?

  32. In your group • Mix up the cards and stack them face down. • Choose one person to draw first. That person picks up the top card. • They draw on the whiteboard until a group member guesses the word or phrase on their card. No letters or words may be drawn! • The correct guesser earns one point. • Then, group member 2 chooses a card and draws. • Continue taking turns.

  33. Homework • Week 5 Homework p. 1-3

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