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PHYS 256 Musical Acoustics

PHYS 256 Musical Acoustics. Syllabus http://bohr.winthrop.edu/faculty/mahes/link_to_webpages/courses/phys256/phys256home.html. Textbook. The Physics of Sound, 3/E Richard E Berg David G Stork. Richard E. Berg: B.S, M.S, Ph.D; Professor of Physics, University of Maryland.

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PHYS 256 Musical Acoustics

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  1. PHYS 256Musical Acoustics Syllabus http://bohr.winthrop.edu/faculty/mahes/link_to_webpages/courses/phys256/phys256home.html

  2. Textbook The Physics of Sound, 3/E Richard E BergDavid G Stork Richard E. Berg: B.S, M.S, Ph.D; Professor of Physics, University of Maryland. B.S in Music with emphasis on piano and clarinet. David G. Stork: B.S, M.S, PhD; Chief Scientist, Ricoh Innovations, Inc. Accomplished orchestral and chamber timpanist/percussionist.

  3. Instructor Ponn Maheswaranathan: B.S, M.S, PhD; Professor of Physics, Winthrop Native of Sri Lanka, Naturalized U.S. citizen

  4. Fundamental Definitions Position, Length, Distance Time Velocity or Speed Acceleration Mass Density Force Pressure

  5. Position, Length, Distance • Cartesian Coordinate System (x and y) • Prefixes • Metric System http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Units/index.html

  6. Time • Time interval can be measured using the following units: second, minute, hour, day, month, year, etc. • The following smaller units are also used: millisecond (ms), microsecond (µs). • Calculate the period (T) of a 440 Hz tone.

  7. Speed and Velocity Speed = Distance/Time Velocity = Speed + Direction. Speed of sound in air = 345 m/s = 1100 ft/s Speed of light = 3x108m/s = 186,000 miles/s.

  8. Acceleration • Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes. Units: m/s2, cm/s2 Acceleration due to gravity = g = 9.8 m/s2.

  9. Mass Massis a measure of the amount of matter contained in an object.

  10. Examples of Mass A massive supertanker, for instance, is one that contains an enormous amount of mass. In comparison, a penny does not contain much mass. Mass is a scalar quantity.

  11. Mass Density The mass density r is the mass m of a substance divided by its volume V: SI Unit of Mass Density: kg/m3

  12. Linear and areal Density Linear density of stretched wires is important in the design of stringed instruments. Linear Density = Mass per unit length. Areal Density = Mass per unit area.

  13. Force In common usage, a force is a push or a pull. Forces can be categorized as, Contact forces and Non-Contact forces.

  14. Newton's Second Law of Motion Newton’s second law is a relationship between acceleration, forces, and mass. When a net external force acts on an object of massm, the accelerationa that results is directly proportional to the net force and has a magnitude that is inversely proportional to the mass. The direction of the acceleration is the same as the direction of the net force. SI Unit of Force: : kg · m/s2 = newton (N)

  15. Weight Weight is the force of gravity. Weight = Mass x Acceleration due to gravity. On the moon, your weight will be 1/6th of that of Earth weight, because the acceleration due to gravity is 1/6th of that of Earth’s. http://www.splung.com/content/sid/2/page/gravitation

  16. Units

  17. Pressure People who have fixed a flat tire know something about pressure. In colliding with the inner walls of the tire, the air molecules (blue dots) exert a force on every part of the wall surface.

  18. Pressure The pressure P exerted by a fluid is defined as the magnitude F of the force acting perpendicular to a surface divided by the area A over which the force acts: The SI unit for pressure: newton/meter2 = (N/m2) = pascal (Pa).

  19. Pressure Illustration

  20. Human Ear Rapid changes in air pressure cause vibrations of the eardrum, which we hear as sound.

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