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A Very Short History of Bar Code

Explore the key moments in the history of bar codes from 1970-1982, including Joe Woodland's patent and the adoption of the UPC standard in the US and Canada. Learn about the obstacles faced, such as price marking controversies and patent litigation. Discover how bar codes revolutionized retail and paved the way for RFID technology to coexist with traditional bar codes.

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A Very Short History of Bar Code

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  1. A Very Short History of Bar Code Which may or may not apply to RFID

  2. Bar Code in the Stone Age

  3. 1970 - 1982 Saw Many Intra-Company Applications

  4. Joe Woodland – 1949 patent

  5. April 1973 – UPC Standard Adopted (US & Canada)

  6. Obstacles – Chicken & Egg • Return on investment for the retailer required source marking by the manufacturer • It took 4.6 years for manufacturers to provide UPC symbols on 75% of pre-packaged items sold in supermarkets

  7. Obstacles – Item Price Marking • Controversy over the removal of price stickers on individual items • Retail unions & consumer advocates • Unfavorable publicity about price errors at the point of sale • State and local legislation required item price marking

  8. Obstacles - Superstition • A Satanic plot - 666 This was a real book! Analogous to RFID privacy concerns 6 6 6

  9. Obstacles – Patent Litigation • Bilgutay vs. Uniform Code Council • Lawsuits between scanner manufacturers • Lemelson vs. end user companies • $1,500,000,000 collected in license fees • 2001 - Symbol Technologies & others filed suit against Lemelson • 2004 - Federal court declares Lemelson claims invalid and unenforceable

  10. Number of scanning stores in the US & Canada 0 6 45 111 210 432

  11. Positive publicity - 1978 Fortune Magazine Wall Street Journal

  12. Positive publicity - 1982 Fortune Magazine

  13. Other Significant Bar Code Mandates US Automobile Industry US DOD 1983/4 These mandates together with UPC and EAN sharply accelerated market growth.

  14. Subsequent Progress • Bar code replaced OCR in fashion retail • International Symbology Standards • Verification developed & standardized • 2 dimensional bar codes • Ultimately bar code spread world wide to every facet of retail, distribution, and manufacturing

  15. RFID – my opinion RFID will take root and flourish, not by replacing bar code, but by solving those problems wherein it provides the superior solution.

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