1 / 14

THE CHEMISTRY OF AMINES

THE CHEMISTRY OF AMINES. AMINES. CONTENTS Structure and classification Nomenclature Physical properties Basic properties Preparation of amines Reactions of amines. H. H. R. R. R N :. R N :. R N :. +. R N R. H. R. R. R. STRUCTURE & CLASSIFICATION.

duante
Download Presentation

THE CHEMISTRY OF AMINES

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. THE CHEMISTRYOF AMINES

  2. AMINES • CONTENTS • Structure and classification • Nomenclature • Physical properties • Basic properties • Preparation of amines • Reactions of amines

  3. H H R R R N: R N: R N: + R NR H R R R STRUCTURE & CLASSIFICATION Structure Contain the NH2 group Classification primary (1°) amines secondary (2°) amines tertiary (3°) amines quarternary(4°) ammonium salts Aliphaticmethylamine, ethylamine, dimethylamine AromaticNH2 group is attached directly to the benzene ring (phenylamine)

  4. NOMENCLATURE Common names: Derived by listing the names of the groups surrounding the nitrogen and adding the suffix amine Methyl amine Benzyl methyl amine Trimethyl amine Tetramethyl ammonium bromide IUPAC names: Derived by considering the amino group as a substituent and its position onthe chain is indicated by the lowest number. 3-Amino-5-methylhexane 5-Aminoheptanoic acid 3-Amino-2- butanol

  5. Aniline o-Nitroanilinep-Toluidinep-aminophenol p-nitro- N-ethylaniline

  6. Physical Properties of Alcohols Boiling Points of Amines • Because they possess a polar N-H bond, primary and secondary amines are capable of forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds among their molecules; therefore they have: Higher boiling points than alkanes but lower than alcohols. • All amines are capable of forming hydrogen bonds with water thus they are soluble in water. Solubility Of Amines

  7. Basicity of Amines • Because the nitrogen atom of 1 ◦, 2◦ and 3 ◦ amines has a lone pair of electrons; amines can be lone pair donors and proton acceptors from acids (i.e. they have basic properties) to form ammonium salt. • a proton acceptor • Base strength :depends on the availability of the lone pair and its ability to pick up protons • The greater the electron density on the N, the better it can pick up protons • This is affected by the degree of substitution ; electron donating groups on N atom increase the bacisity: eg. CH3-NH-CH3 > NH2-CH3 > NH3 2 ◦ 1 ◦ Ammonia H CH3 N: H

  8. While electron withdrawing substituents decrease basicityas the electron density on N is lowered effective. H C6H5 N: • Aliphatic amines are considerably more basic than aromatics amines. e.g.2: methylamine > ammonia > phenylamine

  9. Preparation of amines 1- Reduction of nitro compounds, nitriles, amides, and oximes

  10. 2- Alkylation of ammonia

  11. 3- Hoffman degradation of Amides

  12. Reactions of Amines

More Related