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The Attraction of Place

This article explores the significance of attractions and the four themes of geography, discussing how regionalization and the International Air Transportation Association (IATA) contribute to the attractiveness of places. It also delves into the relationship between geography and tourism, examining how geography influences tourism and how tourism impacts the uniqueness of a place.

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The Attraction of Place

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  1. The Attraction of Place Lawrence Sticca, MA, SID Raffles College July Semester 2011

  2. Attraction of Place Learning objectives • Discuss the importance of attractions • Explain the four different themes of geography • Describe the criteria in regionalization of the world • List the important role of the International Air Transportation Association (IATA) in regionalizing world tourism

  3. Attraction of Place • People have always traveled • Led human beings to explore new environments, seek new places, discover the unknown, search for different and strange places and enjoy other experiences

  4. Attraction of place • Recent phenomenon • Since WWII, international tourism developed over time • Early tourism meant only for the rich and the brave • Tourism brought many cultures together

  5. Attraction of place • Improvements in transportation encouraged more travels from all round the world • Budget airlines also play a significant role in SE Asia in increasing travelling opportunities for many current and would be travellers

  6. Attraction of place • Well-developed links between tourism and geography creating an uniqueness of a place • Thus, creating an attractiveness to a place

  7. Attraction of place • Geography is the study of the earth as the home of humans • Combination of factors that makes each individual place on the face of the earth somehow unique • Attempt to gain an understanding of what makes each place unique

  8. Attraction of place • Uniqueness results from the combination of the natural (or physical) setting of climate, landforms, and resources • Cultural phenomena e.g. buildings, economy, dress styles, religion and political or other cultural features

  9. Attraction of place • Process of tourism itself also contributes to the uniqueness of place • Changes in economy, political organizations, culture, population and the physical environment alter the texture and fabric of the place

  10. Attraction of place Geography and tourism are closely interrelated in two ways :- • Uniqueness of place creates an attraction • Tourism is an agent of change, becoming an element in the uniqueness of place and an important variable in geographic studies

  11. Elements of geography Fundamental aspect of geography that directly affects tourism: a) is the need for measuring and b) indicating exact locations on the earth

  12. Elements of geography • Grid of lines on a map represents the fundamental tool for describing location • Parallel lines extending east and west measure latitude north and south of the equator

  13. Elements of geography • North of the equator - northern hemisphere designated as north latitude • South of the equator – southern hemisphere designated as south latitude

  14. Elements of geography • Parallel latitudes intersected by lines, called meridians extending north and south • Meridian measure longitude • Longitude measure of a point eastward or westward with respect to the prime meridian of Greenwich

  15. Elements of geography • Circular earth – 360 degrees of longitude • World divided into two hemispheres a) northern-southern b) eastern-western

  16. Time • Meridian separates east and west making the change in time from one day to another because of the rotation of the earth • Meridian marking the change of date at 180 degrees is called the international date line

  17. 80 80 80 80 GREENLAND GREENLAND 70 70 70 70 60 60 60 60 E U R O P E 50 50 50 50 NORTH A S I A AMERICA 40 40 40 40 PACIFIC OCEAN 30 30 30 30 TROPIC OF CANCER TROPIC OF CANCER A T L A N T I C 20 20 20 A F R I C A P A C I F I C 10 10 10 I N D I A N EQUATOR EQUATOR O C E A N O C E A N O C E A N SOUTH 10 10 10 10 10 AMERICA 20 20 20 20 20 TROPIC OF CAPRICORN TROP OF CAPRICORN AUSTRALIA 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 70 ANTARCTICA 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 80 LOCATION AND TIME Longitude Prime Meridian Latitude

  18. Themes of geography Four principal themes :- 1) Location :- geographic, absolute, relative 2) Place and space :- physical characteristics, climate, vegetation, landforms

  19. Themes of geography Human and cultural characteristics :- language, food and clothing, political systems and religion, architectural styles 3) Movement 4) Region

  20. Location : The where of Geography • Absolute Location • (Where is it?) Also referred to as Site • Location of places on earth is of special concern to geographers • Contributes to the uniqueness of place

  21. Location : The where of geography • Relative Location • (Also referred to as situation) • Examines the location of places with respect to other places to understand interdependence at local, regional, national and global scales

  22. Location : The where of geography • Countries that have a poor relative location from the rest of the world are apt to have a lower standard of living • Locations isolated by mountains, deserts or cultural phenomena such as language • Countries include Chad, Rawanda, Nigeria, Somalia

  23. Location : The where of geography • Geographic Location • Combination of absolute location and relative location

  24. Location : The where of geography • Site (absolute location) – description of the internal characteristics of a place • Situation (relative location) – looks at the external relationship of a place

  25. Location : The where of geography • Development of tourism depends on its site and its situation • Number of visitors depend on the perception by the potential tourists of other places

  26. Place and space : The why of geography • Physical environment in each place affects the ability of humans to live there and influences travel to each place

  27. Physical Characteristics of Place Three elements of the physical character of place important for tourism are the following:- • Climate • Vegetation • Landforms

  28. Physical Characteristics of Place 1) Climate • Affects the sense of place that characteristics each individual place, regardless of scale • Affects comfort and dictates suitable tourist activities

  29. Place and space :- The why of geography • The world’s climate Interaction of the climate variables e.g. clouds, rain, wind, precipitation, temperature i) Tropical climates :- humid climates that no winter season ii) Dry climates :- desert

  30. Place and space :- The why of geography iii) Polar Climates :- subarctic and ice cap climates

  31. Place and space :- The why of geography • Vegetation Patterns of vegetation broadly correlate with the patterns of climate e.g. tropical forests, deciduous forest (chestnut, oak), grassland, arid land

  32. Landforms: The Character of the Earth • Landforms surface features of a specific place • Three basic geographical elements that make up any landscape: • landform and geology - determines the presence or absence of the features in which activity-based tourism depends. • naturalvegetation of the land, and the animals that depend on it • presence of man ( + its activities)

  33. Landforms: The Character of the Earth 1) Environment and Tourism • Rapidly growing types of travel is known as ecotourism • Number of ways, including “travel that aims to preserve the natural world”

  34. Landforms: The Character of the Earth • Human and cultural characteristics of place • Differences among the people • Unique cultural and human characteristics • Known as cultural geography of a place

  35. Landforms: The Character of the Earth 3) Language • Ideas and concepts are transmitted within or between groups • Preserving a way of life from one generation to another

  36. Landforms: The Character of the Earth Importance of languages for tourism:- • Develop travel patterns visiting countries where people speak their language • Deterrent to tourists, discourage them from visiting a particular destination

  37. Place and space :- The why of geography 4) Food and clothing • Cultural differences between places that affect tourism • Strong feelings towards food e.g. Muslim – Halal food and no pork

  38. Place and space :- The why of geography 5) Political Systems and Religion • Institutionalize the way of life of a group • Provide order to a place • Directly affect tourists e.g. currency, entertainment activities, food and dress code.

  39. Place and space :- The why of geography 6) Architectural Styles • Methods of construction and styles of buildings • Reflect characteristic of the various places e.g. Great Wall of China, Singapore’s Chinatown, Epcot Center in Florida etc.

  40. Movement within places • Spread unevenly across the face of the earth • Led to communication, products, information and ideas that are only available outside their respective environments • Increasing interaction led to Global Interdependence

  41. Movement within places • Uniqueness of place increases opportunities for various races and nationalities to interact

  42. Movement within places 3 terms are important in understanding the Interaction between places:- 1) Complementarity 2) Intervening opportunity 3) Transferability

  43. Movement within places 1) Complementarity • Complementary relationship between two places • Generates interaction in the form of tourism

  44. Movement within places 2) Intervening opportunity • Substitution of one place for another e.g. growth of a suburban mall leads suburban residents to shop at it instead of going downtown

  45. Movement within places 3) Transferability • Also known as accessibility, ease with which a person can go from one place to another

  46. Barrier to Travel: Tourist Safety • Avoid a destination because of concern over their safety • Lack of safety has serious impact on visitors and potential visitors e.g. Bali, Jordan and London bombings, 911 terrorist attack • Governments establish measures to protect visitors e.g. increased police’s presence with uniform and plainclothes etc.

  47. Regions : Organizing the geography of tourism • Basis of cultural features e.g. language, culture and environment • Events that occur in the world are located in regions

  48. Regions : Organizing the geography of tourism Common methods of dividing the world: • Distribution of wealth - gives some consideration to political characteristics: first world, second world, and third world. • Economic development - does not consider political characteristics. • developing, industrialised or newly industrialised. • similar framework = developed or developing. • IATA (The International Air Transportation Association) – three zones • WTO –6 regions based on geographic and cultural differences. • Americas, Europe, Africa, Middle East, South Asia, and East Asia and the Pacific.

  49. IATA Regions of the world AREA 3 AREA 1 AREA 2

  50. Summary • Students will understand the different elements and themes of geography • Each theme of geography will be explained in details and how each contributes to the success of tourism • The role of the International Air Transportation Association (IATA) in regionalizing world tourism

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