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Ionic BONDING

Ionic BONDING. Metals Metalloids Non-metals. Noble Gases . Noble Gases. Have complete outer shells that cannot accept anymore electrons Unreactive Will not combine (form bonds) with any other element. 2. 2,8. 2,8, 8. 2,8, 8, 18. Metal atoms. Metal atoms have incomplete outer shells

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Ionic BONDING

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  1. Ionic • BONDING

  2. MetalsMetalloidsNon-metals

  3. Noble Gases

  4. Noble Gases • Have complete outer shells that cannot accept anymore electrons • Unreactive • Will not combine (form bonds) with any other element 2 2,8 2,8, 8 2,8, 8, 18

  5. Metal atoms • Metal atoms have incomplete outer shells • Have 1, 2 or 3 electrons on their outer shell • Metal atoms want to LOSE these extra electrons in order to have a full outer shell (like the noble gases)

  6. Metal atoms • Metal atoms lose electrons to form a CATION • CATION: when a neutral metal atom loses one or more electrons to form a positively charged ion 2,8,1  2,8

  7. Metal Cations • Possible Metal Cations: Lose 1 electron = +1 eg. K+ Lose 2 electrons = +2 eg. Ca2+ Lose 3 electrons = +3 eg. Al3+ Aluminum metal lost 3 electrons to become stable

  8. Non-metal Atoms • Non-metals have incomplete outer shells • Have 5, 6, or 7 electrons on their outer shell • Non-Metal atoms want to GAIN additional electrons in order to have a full outer shell (like the noble gases) 2, 8, 7 2, 6

  9. Non-Metal atoms • Non-Metal atoms gain electrons to form an ANION • ANION: when a neutral non-metal atom gains one or more electrons to form a negatively charged ion 2,8,7  2,8,8

  10. Non-Metal Anions • Possible Non-Metal Anions: Gain 1 electron = -1 eg. F- Gain 2 electrons = -2 eg. O2- Gain 3 electrons = -3 eg. S3- Sulfur non-metal atom gains 3 electrons to become stable

  11. Ionic Bonds • - results from the TRANSFER of electrons from a metal to a non-metal • Lithium atom needs to lose 1e- where Fluorine atom needs to gain 1e- • What a perfect match! • They will form an ionic bond! • Cations Anions

  12. Opposites Attract!!

  13. Ions are held strongly by opposite charges in a 3D lattice

  14. Properties • Highmelting points because of strong attractions between cations and anions • Soluble in water

  15. Conducts electricity because of the charged ions freely moving in water (but not in solid state)

  16. 4. Brittle – similar ions can repel if they come into contact

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