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Sebastian Ryszard Kruk Digital Enterprise Research Institute

Digital Libraries of the Future Use of Semantic Web and Social Bookmarking to support E-learning in Digital Libraries. Sebastian Ryszard Kruk Digital Enterprise Research Institute National University of Ireland, Galway. sebastian.kruk @deri.org http:// corrib.deri.ie /. Presentation outline.

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Sebastian Ryszard Kruk Digital Enterprise Research Institute

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  1. Digital Libraries of the FutureUse of Semantic Web and Social Bookmarking to support E-learning in Digital Libraries Sebastian Ryszard Kruk Digital Enterprise Research Institute National University of Ireland, Galway sebastian.kruk@deri.org http://corrib.deri.ie/

  2. Presentation outline • Motivation • Building Social Semantic Digital Library • Semantic Digital Libraries • Towards Online Communities for Digital Libraries • JeromeDL and other Corrib components • Motivation and Overview • Architecture and Ontologies • Semantic Services • Social Services • Semantics in Use • JeromeDL in Action • e-Learning 2.0 • Conclusions

  3. Motivations • John teaches biology, over the Internet, using digital libraries and modern technologies (wikis, blogs) • How to deliver the material just-in-time? • How to pre-asses students? • How to automate most of the process?

  4. Presentation outline • Motivation • Building Social Semantic Digital Library • Semantic Digital Libraries • Towards Online Communities for Digital Libraries • JeromeDL and other Corrib components • Motivation and Overview • Architecture and Ontologies • Semantic Services • Social Services • Semantics in Use • JeromeDL in Action • e-Learning 2.0 • Conclusions

  5. The Semantic Web – Applications • Semantic Web cannot be and is not only a set of recommendations • Semantic Web is becoming reality by applications that support it and are based on it • Enabling technologies: • RDF Storages: Sesame, Jena, YARS • Reasoners: KAON, Racer • Editors: Protege, SWOOP, MarcOnt Portal • End-User applications: • Semantic wikis: Makna, SemperWiki • Semantic blogs • Semantic digital libraries

  6. What is a Semantic Digital Library? Semantic digital libraries • integrate information based on different metadata, e.g.: resources, user profiles, bookmarks, taxonomies – high quality semantics = highly and meaningfully connected information • provide interoperability with other systems (not only digital libraries) on either metadata or communication level or both – RDF as common denominator between digital libraries and other services • delivering more robust, user friendly and adaptable search and browsing interfaces empowered by semantics

  7. Semantic Web Technologies for Digital Libraries? Metadata is the key concept • the Web does not have metadata • the idea of a Semantic Web is nice but difficult to implement • many digital libraries do have metadata in place • we simply must make them available in a machine understandable format • the Semantic Web provides the format: RDF

  8. Semantic Web Technologies for Digital Libraries? Knowledge in bibliographic records • Digital Libraries already have controlled vocabularies, taxonomies or even ontologies in place • the challenge is to model this knowledge in a machine understandable way • the Semantic Web provides ontology languages: • RDF Schema • OWL • SKOS

  9. Taxonomy of Knowledge Organization Systems • Term Lists • Authority files (FOAF) • Glossaries • Dictionaries • Gazetteers • Classifications and Categories (DMoz) • Subject headings • Classification schemes • Taxonomies • Categorization Schemes. • Relationship Lists • Thesauri (WordNet, MeSH) • Semantic networks • Ontologies (Hodge, 2000)

  10. Benefits of Semantic Digital Libraries The two main benefits of Semantic Digital Libraries • new search paradigms for the information space • Ontology-based search / facet search • Community-enabled browsing • providing interoperability on the data level • integrating metadata from various heterogeneous sources • Interconnecting different digital library systems

  11. Presentation outline • Motivation • Building Social Semantic Digital Library • Semantic Digital Libraries • Towards Online Communities for Digital Libraries • JeromeDL and other Corrib components • Motivation and Overview • Architecture and Ontologies • Semantic Services • Social Services • Semantics in Use • JeromeDL in Action • e-Learning 2.0 • Conclusions

  12. Semantic DL as Evolving Knowledge Space • In state-of-the-art digital libraries users are consumers • Retrieve contents based on available bibliographic records • Recent trends: user communities • Connetea • Flickr • In Semantic digital libraries users are contributers as well • Tagging (Web 2.0) • Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering • Annotations • Semantic Digital libraries enforce the transition from a static information to a dynamic (collaborative) knowledge space

  13. The future - Social Semantic Digital Libraries • Why current (semantic) digital libraries are not enough? • digital libraries should not be for librariansonly but for average people • they concentrate on delivering content/information, not on knowledge sharing within a community of users • digital libraries have lost human-part of their predecessors • What could be the solution? • make users/readers involved in the content annotation process • allow users/readers to share their knowledge within a community • provide better communication between users in and across communities

  14. Social Semantic Information Spaces

  15. Comparing Web 1.0 / Web 2.0 / Semantic Web 2.0 Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Semantic Web 2.0 Personal Websites Blogs Semantic Blogs Content Management Systems Wikis Semantic Wikis Altavista, Google Google Personalised, DumbFind Semantic Search CiteSeer, Project Gutenberg Google Scholar, Book Search Social Semantic Digital Libraries Message Boards Community Portals Semantic Forums and Community Portals Buddy Lists, Address Books Online Social Networks Semantic Social Networks - - Semantic Social Information Spaces

  16. Evolution of Libraries Social Semantic Digital Library Involves the community into sharing knowledge Semantic Digital Library Accessible by machines, not only with machines Digital Library Online, easy searching with a full-text index Library Organized collection

  17. Existing Semantic Digital Library Systems • SIMILE • extends and laverages DSpace, seeking to enhance interoperability among digital assets, schemata, metadata, and services • JeromeDL • a social semantic digital library makes use of Semantic Web and Social Networking technologies to enhance both interoperability and usability • BRICKS • aims at establishing the organizational and technological foundations for a digital library network in order to share knowledge and resources in the cultural heritage domain. • FEDORA • delivers flexible service-oriented architecture to managing and delivering content in the form of digital objects

  18. Presentation outline • Motivation • Building Social Semantic Digital Library • Semantic Digital Libraries • Towards Online Communities for Digital Libraries • JeromeDL and other Corrib components • Motivation and Overview • Architecture and Ontologies • Semantic Services • Social Services • Semantics in Use • JeromeDL in Action • e-Learning 2.0 • Conclusions

  19. JeromeDL - Introduction • Joint effort of DERI, National University of Ireland, Galway and Gdansk University of Technology (GUT) • Distributed under BSD Open Source license • Digital library build on semantic web technologies to answer requirements from: librarians, scientists and everyone.

  20. JeromeDL – Motivations Use Cases • Librarians: • support for rich metadata (MARC21) in uploading resources, accessing bibliographic information and searching • persistent identifiers • Scientists: • easy publishing (designed as a institute/university digital library) • creating hierarchical networks of digital libraries • support for accessing, sharing and searching using bibliographymetadata (BibTeX) • Everyone: • simple search (incl. natural language queries) • community-aware information sharing and browsing, • support for interationalization

  21. Presentation outline • Motivation • Building Social Semantic Digital Library • Semantic Digital Libraries • Towards Online Communities for Digital Libraries • JeromeDL and other Corrib components • Motivation and Overview • Architecture and Ontologies • Semantic Services • Social Services • Semantics in Use • JeromeDL in Action • e-Learning 2.0 • Conclusions

  22. JeromeDL – Architecture • Resources and annotations repository • Middleware: • query processing • community space • resources management • User interface agents: • Communication to the outside world • Administrative interface

  23. Structure ontology in JeromeDL

  24. Bibliographic (MarcOnt) Ontology in JeromeDL

  25. Community-aware (FOAFRealm) ontology

  26. Ontologies in JeromeDL

  27. Metadata and Services in JeromeDL

  28. Presentation outline • Motivation • Building Social Semantic Digital Library • Semantic Digital Libraries • Towards Online Communities for Digital Libraries • JeromeDL and other Corrib components • Motivation and Overview • Architecture and Ontologies • Semantic Services • Social Services • Semantics in Use • JeromeDL in Action • e-Learning 2.0 • Conclusions

  29. MarcOnt Initiative – Overview Motivation: • Provide set of tools for collaborative ontology development MarcOnt Initiative goals: • Create a framework for collaborative ontology improvement (E-learning) • Provide domain experts with tools to share their knowledge • Offer tools for data mediation between different data formats

  30. MarcOnt Portal and MarcOnt Ontology MarcOnt Ontology: • Central point of MarcOnt Initiative • Translation and mediation format • Continuos collaborative ontology improvement • Knowledge from the domain experts MarcOnt Portal (source of knowledge): • Suggestions • Annotations • Versioning • Ontology editor

  31. MarcOnt Mediation Services for Legacy Metadata Format translation Format co-operation RDF Translator MarcOnt Mediation Services

  32. Presentation outline • Motivation • Building Social Semantic Digital Library • Semantic Digital Libraries • Towards Online Communities for Digital Libraries • JeromeDL and other Corrib components • Motivation and Overview • Architecture and Ontologies • Semantic Services • Social Services • Semantics in Use • JeromeDL in Action • e-Learning 2.0 • Conclusions

  33. Social Services in JeromeDL • Involve users into sharing knowledge • Blogs – comments and discussions about documents and resources • Tagging – collaborative classification • Wikis – collaboratively edited additional descriptions, such as summaries and interesting facts • Preserve knowledge for future use • Users can learn from experience of others instantly • Recommend new, interesting resources based on users’ profiles

  34. Identity management with FOAFRealm • Identity defined with extended FOAF metadata • Policies expressed by social networking • Distance between owner and requester • Friendship level between owner and requester, calculated across digraph of social network • Support for single registration and sign on • Distributed identity management with HyperCuP (“D-FOAF”) • FOAFRealm is currently implemented as a plugin for Tomcat (Realm/Valve implementation), with PHP and .NET versions coming soon

  35. What is Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering? • Goal:to enhance individual bookmarks with shared knowledge within a community • Users annotate catalogues of bookmarks with semantic information taken from DMoz or WordNet vocabularies • Catalogs can include (transclusion) friend's catalogues • Access to catalogues can be restricted with social networking-based polices • SSCF delivers: • Community-oriented, semantically-rich taxonomies • Information about a user's interest • Flows of expertise from the domain expert • Recommendations based on users previous actions • Support for SIOC metadata

  36. Example of Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering foaf:knows xfoaf:include xfoaf:bookmark

  37. Social Networks in Digital Libraries marcont:hasCreator creator_A xfoaf:isIn xfoaf:Annotation xfoaf:Directory foaf:knows xfoaf:linksTo xfoaf:owns foaf:knows foaf:knows user_C user_D creator_B Resource

  38. Support foronline communitiesin SSCF

  39. Support foronline communitiesin SSCF

  40. Presentation outline • Motivation • Building Social Semantic Digital Library • Semantic Digital Libraries • Towards Online Communities for Digital Libraries • JeromeDL and other Corrib components • Motivation and Overview • Architecture and Ontologies • Semantic Services • Social Services • Semantics in Use • JeromeDL in Action • e-Learning 2.0 • Conclusions

  41. JeromeDL – Delivering Semantic Content • Providing semantic annotations during uploading process: • open module for handling any taxonomies • keywords based on WordNet and free tagging • defining structure of resources in the JeromeDL ontology • Lifting legacy metadata to MarcOnt ontology • Community maintained annotations • social semantic collaborative filtering • semantic descriptions based on the FOAF metadata

  42. Annotating Library Resources

  43. JeromeDL – Semantic Information In Use • Searching: • Keyword-based search with semantic query expansion • Semantic search: • Direct RDF quering • Natural language templates • Browsing • Exibit • MultiBeeBrowse • Sharing: • Social Semantic Collaborative Filtering • Semantically Interlinked Online Communities • Heterogeneous communication: • Bibster, A9, OAI-PMH

  44. Exposing Semantic Annotations

  45. Filtering Resources in JeromeDL

  46. Sharing Knowledge with SSCF

  47. Information Retrieval in JeromeDL local interface distributed interface (typed) keywords collaborative filtering OpenSearch RSS RDF & NL Query types translation semantic query expansion RDF Repositories Secure Snapshot FOAFRealm Repository Structure Repository MarcOnt Repository Resources’ Content Fulltext Index

  48. Networks of Digital Libraries 0 2 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 0 0 • ELP (Extensible Library Protocol) implementation • communication within JeromeDL network • adapters for communication with other networks • D-FOAF integration (distributed user profile management) • single sign on and single registration within D-FOAF network • HyperCuP integration (scalable P2P network) • Independent ELP network entry point: http://search.jeromedl.org/

  49. JeromeDL in Action

  50. Presentation outline • Motivation • Building Social Semantic Digital Library • Semantic Digital Libraries • Towards Online Communities for Digital Libraries • JeromeDL and other Corrib components • Motivation and Overview • Architecture and Ontologies • Semantic Services • Social Services • Semantics in Use • JeromeDL in Action • e-Learning 2.0 • Conclusions

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