Foundations for exploration

2. Foundations for exploration • The innovation and discoveries during the Renaissance led Europeans to want to know more • In the late 1400s and 1500s, this desire led to voyages of discovery to find new lands and routes to known areas. • This time period is the Age of exploration

3. Motivations for exploration • Explorers had 4 types of motivation: • Search for Wealth • Spread their faith • Fame and Glory • Curiosity

4. New Technologies facilitate exploration • No matter the reasons, Europeans could never have made their voyages w/o key advances in technology: • Compass • Brought to Europe from China. • Let sailors know which direction was north. • Astrolabe • Europeans learned to use from Muslims. • Calculate location based on the position of the sun and the stars in relation to horizon. • Learned to build ships that rode lower in water • Withstood large waves and could hold more cargo • Caravel • A light, fast sailing ship that could be equipped w/ cannons • Highly maneuverable: • Steered with rudder in rear • Lateen sails (caught wind from all directions)

5. Main countries involved • Portugal • Spain • France • England • Netherlands • Spain and Portugal Start it

6. Portugal • 1st Sponsor of countries exploration: • Prince Henry • Becomes known as Henry the Navigator • Main Goal: • Find a water route around Africa to India • Places they went • Around Africa, India , and Brazil • Important Explorers • Vasco da Gama – 1st to sail around Africa to India (1497) • Pedro Cabral – Sighted and claimed Brazil (1500)

7. DaGama Cabral

8. Spain • 1st Sponsor of countries exploration: • King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella • Main Goal: • Find a Western Sea Route to China • Places they went: • Caribbean, and circumnavigated the globe • Important Explorers • Christopher Columbus – Stumbled on the America’s (1492) • Amerigo Vespucci – Figured out Columbus did not find the Indies but a new continent (1502) • Ferdinand Magellan – His crew was the 1st to circumnavigate the globe (1519) • Killed in fight w/ Philippine natives; Juan Sebastian de Elcano finished trip

9. Columbus Vespucci Magellan

10. England • 1st Sponsor of countries exploration: • King Henry VII and then Queen Elizabeth I • Main Goal: • Find the Northwest Passage to Asia • Places they went: • Canada • Important Explorers • John Cabot – Stumbled onto Canada (1497) • Sir Francis Drake – Sent around S. America to explore west coast, then circumnavigated the globe to come home (1580) • Henry Hudson – Discovered Hudson Bay (1607)

11. Northwest Passage

12. Cabot Drake Hudson

13. France • 1st Sponsor of countries exploration: • King Francis I • Main Goal: • Find a Northwest Passage • Places they went: • Canada, St. Lawrence River through the Great Lakes and down the Mississippi • Important Explorers • Jacques Cartier – Found Newfoundland, St. Lawrence River and claimed New France (Canada) (1534)

14. Cartier

15. Netherlands • 1st Sponsor of countries exploration: • Dutch East India Company • Main Goal: • Find a Northeast or Northwest Passage • Places they went: • North of Scandinavia and then Manhattan Island • Important Explorers • Henry Hudson – Same explorer for the English, Explored Hudson River (1609)

16. Northeast Passage

17. Do now: • Write test type questions about the new technologies and the goals/explorers for each country. • Summarize the notes in 3-5 sentences. • Read “Reasons for Exploration” and answer the questions. Turn in if you finish… Homework if you don’t!