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Intellectual and Religious Movements

Intellectual and Religious Movements. AP US History Review. Deism. Product of Enlightenment thinking John Locke God as creator, but otherwise removed from human affairs Major influence on thinking of Founding Fathers and documents. First Great Awakening. 1720-1740

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Intellectual and Religious Movements

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  1. Intellectual and Religious Movements • AP US History Review

  2. Deism • Product of Enlightenment thinking • John Locke • God as creator, but otherwise removed from human affairs • Major influence on thinking of Founding Fathers and documents

  3. First Great Awakening • 1720-1740 • Emphasized personal relationship with Christ over church ritual • Jonathan Edwards • Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God • Benefits Baptists and Methodists

  4. Republican Motherhood • Modern term for the early Republic belief that women must represent ideals of republicanism • Women should have access to more education so as to raise republican sons • But sphere is the home and no property rights • Leads to educated women who start abolitionism

  5. Second Great Awakening • 1790-1840 • Protestant revival throughout US • Evangelical • Church membership soars • New churches • Mormons • Shakers • Feeds into Temperance and Abolitionism

  6. Romanticism • Artistic and literary movement of the early 19th century • Rejects rationality and embraces emotion - even dark ones (horror) - and nature • Washington Irving - Legend of Sleepy Hollow • James Fenimore Cooper - Last of the Mohicans • Edgar Allan Poe • Hudson River School

  7. Transcendentalism • 1820s-1840s • Belief in inherent goodness of people and nature • Both organized religion and political parties corrupt the purity of the individual • Ralph Waldo Emerson - Nature • Henry David Thoreau - Walden; Civil Disobedience

  8. Utopianism • Experiments in communal living based on religious or socialist principles • New Harmony, Indiana - Robert Owen • Brook Farm, Mass. - George & Sophia Ripley • Burned over district - western NY state • Edward Bellamy - novel: Looking Backward

  9. Mormonism • Began in 1820s in Western NY - Joseph Smith • New gospel revealed in Book of Mormon • 1830s persecuted in Missouri • 1840s Brigham Young brings Mormons to Utah • 1857 Utah War

  10. Abolitionism • Worked to limit and eradicate slavery in the US • Many were Quakers • Many women: • LucretiaMott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth • American Colonization Society - Liberia • William Lloyd Garrison - The Liberator • Harriet Beecher Stowe - Uncle Tom's Cabin • Frederick Douglass

  11. Cult of Domesticity • 19th Century • Women must exhibit "four virtues” • Piety • Purity • Submission • Domesticity • Married women should not work nor have life outside the home • Feminists viewed as mentally ill

  12. Women's Rights • Challenged Cult of Domesticity • Began advocating for women to keep property in marriage • Seneca Falls Convention, 1848 • Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony • Declaration of Sentiments • demands suffrage and property rights

  13. Nativism • 1850s • (Native) American Party: "Know Nothings" • Belief that Irish and German immigrants were overwhelming the country • William Poole; Millard Fillmore • Successors: Ku Klux Klan; American Protective Society

  14. Social Darwinism • Belief that economic success was evidence of moral character and superiority • Used to justify excessive wealth of Gilded Age rich • Adherents believed it was wrong to help the poor or weak • Herbert Spencer, Thomas Malthus, William Graham Sumner

  15. Third Great Awakening • 1850s-1900s • Protestant revival - social activism • Josiah Strong - Our Country • Felix Adler - Society for Ethical Culture • New sects • Christian Scientists • Pentecostals • Jehovah's Witnesses

  16. Social Gospel • Late 19th - early 20th centuries • Protestant movement that reacted against poverty, slums and ignorance • Settlement House Movement • Jane Addams • YMCA • Salvation Army • Progressivism

  17. Realism • Late 19th - early 20th centuries • Movement to represent subjects truthfully, without artistic conventions or flowery language • Samuel Clemens (Mark Twain) - Huckleberry Finn • Stephen Crane - The Red Badge of Courage • Ashcan School

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