Religious Movements (1815-1850)

1. Religious Movements(1815-1850) Brian Hough

2. Immigration & Antiforeign Movement (1840s)

3. Immigration & Antiforeign Movement (1840s) • Americans detest immigration. • Fear: lose jobs, weaken Anglo majority… • Nativists-Protestants; doubt Roman Catholicism of Irish and Germans. • Erratic riots and secret antiforeign society… • Supreme Order of the Star-Spangled Banner… • American party (Know-Nothing party). • Recede when North and South separate over slavery.

4. Antebellum Period

5. Antebellum Period • 1789-1860 • War of 1812 • More power to the states • Westward Expansion • “Manifest Destiny” • Gold Rush (1849) • Railroads • New States: Mississippi, Illinois, Alabama, Maine, Missouri, Michigan

6. Second Great Awakening

7. Second Great Awakening • Connecticut (1790s) • Educated Americans dislike… • Old Christian beliefs • Rationalism (human reason) • Forgiving rites (i.e. Unitarian Church). • Educated Congregationalists and Presbyterians • Timothy Dwight- president of Yale University • Preach: • Strong religious devotion • Salvation • Calvinist (Puritan): original sin and predestination • Northern New England and western New York.

8. Revivalism (1823)

9. Revivalism (1823) • South and western frontier… • Peter Cartwright (Methodist)… • Better moral standards on the frontier • Preach at open-air revival (camp) meetings • Classes: end drinking, rioting, gossiping, sex-without-marriage, and “sharp business ways” • “Revive” them • Methodists-emerged as the largest Protestant groups, the Baptists emerged as well • Charles G. Finney-Presbyterian minister from a religious conversion in 1821 (NY) • “Father of modern revivalism” • Cooperation between the Protestant denominations • “Anxious seat” – more conversions • Denounces Calvinist ideals • Can be sin-free • Revive faith • Huge middle class appeal

10. Unitarians

11. Unitarians • Rivals of the revivals • “Goodness” by slow “character building” • Jesus; not an abrupt conversion by a revival • Jesus Christ was not fully divine • Broke down many Congressional churches • Enticed the wealthy and educated • Like Revivalists… • Can change and be sin-free • Reject Calvinists

13. Millennialism • World going to end in a second coming of Jesus Christ. • William Miller-(Preacher): • Predicts October 21, 1844 (second coming going to happen). • Nothing happens. • Millerites form new religion-Seventh-Day Adventists.

14. Church of Latter-Day Saints & Mormons

15. Church of Latter-Day Saints & Mormons • Founder: Joseph Smith • Book of Mormon (1827)-links lost tribes of Israel to the Native Americans. • Lehi (successors went to America and created successful society) • Wait for Jesus to save them • God curses them with dark skin (American Indians) • Nauvoo (model city) • Convert Native Americas and escape persecution. • Smith’s revelations hurt Mormonism • Polygamy (U.S. government detests this) • “Second Mohammed” & “higher form of religion” • Gathers many followers…Smith and his brother murdered by local mob. • Under Brigham Young-go west and avoid prosecution. • New Zion-near the Great Salt Lake in Utah. • Cooperative in outdoors

17. Transcendentalists • Questioning of established church doctrines and capital. • Need mystical and intuitive thinking to discover inner self and God in nature • Artistic expression over money • Ralph Waldo Emerson-American lecturer • “The American Scholar”-(speech at Harvard): Original American culture (no Europe) “Self-reliance, independent thinking, spiritualism over materialism” • Henry David Thoreau • Lived in the woods for two years-discover life and the universe • “Walden”: A couple of weeks of work each year-can discover meaning of life • “Civil Disobedience”: nonviolent ways to protest unfair laws. • Brook Farm (MA) • George Ripley (Protestant minister)-scholarly and physical labor. • School-attracts New England elites

18. Utopian Communities

19. Utopian Communities • By the highly educated • Started: 1820s • Leave society to create ideal community with fresh start • Difficulty in sustaining because of already strong religious ideals • Too radical • Hope from Age of Jackson

20. New Harmony Shakers

21. Utopian Communities: Shakers/New Harmony • Shakers-early religious communal movements • Mother Ann Lee (illiterate daughter of English blacksmith) • Very close, agricultural-artisan communities • Common property; no marriage or sex • Detest materialism • New members: converts and orphans • Amana settlements-(Iowa) • Ascetic life (like Shakers) but allow marriage-keeps them going • New Harmony-(Indiana): secular experiment • Welsh industrialist and Robert Owen-(British industrialist and philanthropist) • Humans shaped environment • Answer inequity and alienation after Industrial Revolution • “Villages of Unity and Mutual Cooperation” • Fails because of money and disagreement issues.

22. Oneida Community Fourier Phalanxes

23. Utopian Communities: Oneida Community/Fourier Phalanxes • Oneida community (1848)-perfect social and economic equality, sharing of property and marriage partners. • John Humphrey Noyes-founds in Oneida, New York. • Challenges commonplace social ideals • Communism • Marriage-all the men and women were married to each other • Silver • Fourier Phalanxes (1840s) • By Charles Fourier-French socialist • Cooperative communities • Equal labor • Spare wealth: “Free Soil”

24. Temperance (“First Reform Era”)

25. Temperance (“First Reform Era”) (Start: 1826) • Moderation and abstinence of alcohol. • Women • Alcohol ruins society • Can lower crime and poverty; increase work • American Temperance Society-Protestant ministers • 1st national temperance group • Total abstinence • Washington Temperance Societies (Washingtonians) (Baltimore) • Mechanics and laborers (not ministers or manufacturers) • Reformed drunks • God will oversee their society • Salvation from alcohol (A.A.) • International cooperation • Order of the Good Templars, Women’s Christian Temperance Union, Anti-Saloon League • Get many liquor laws passed

26. What’s Next???? NEW LAWS OR AMENDMENTS???? WHAT WILL THE METHODISTS AND BAPTISTS DO???? AN ACTUAL IDEAL SOCIETY???? WHAT DO YOU THINK….????

27. Picture Bibliography http://withfriendship.com/images/c/13627/Second-Great-Awakening-picture.jpg http://hd.housedivided.dickinson.edu/files/images/HD_EmigrantLandinginNY1858.preview.jpg http://www.historycentral.com/Ant/Daily/entertainment.jpg http://www.kirkwood.k12.mo.us/parent_student/khs/plattes/topics5and6/topics5and69.jpg http://uehs75.com/bleeding%20kansas.jpg http://www.historicwoolenmills.org/blogimg/pr170_mamie.jpg http://lehrman.isi.org/media/images/cache/Second_Great_Awakening_Revival.jpg/360px-Second_Great_Awakening_Revival.jpg http://websupport1.citytech.cuny.edu/Faculty/pcatapano/lectures_wc2/Revival.JPG http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.gbgm-umc.org/dimockcampmtg/camp.gif&imgrefurl=http://oldlandmark.wordpress.com/2007/06/07/camp-meeting-days-our-summertime-heritage/&usg=__faBoAma7zN756UQY-upUpt-CtxE=&h=520&w=850&sz=462&hl=en&start=0&zoom=1&tbnid=vsVqEAz7QFyZcM:&tbnh=126&tbnw=206&prev=/images%3Fq%3DRevivalism%2Bcamp%2Bmeetings%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26gbv%3D2%26biw%3D779%26bih%3D382%26tbs%3Disch:1&itbs=1&iact=hc&vpx=466&vpy=112&dur=5172&hovh=175&hovw=287&tx=180&ty=119&ei=bw31TL-NJ82ynAeij4jHBw&oei=bw31TL-NJ82ynAeij4jHBw&esq=1&page=1&ndsp=3&ved=1t:429,r:2,s:0 http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/religion/f0703s.jpg http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_OXK6uRSTHN0/RrctASYovjI/AAAAAAAAAC4/7zanB2sAPzk/s320/Camp+Meeting.jpg http://www.revival-library.org/images/imagesgalleries/CampMeeting.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/88/The_Deluge_engraving_by_WIlliam_Miller_after_J_Martin.jpg http://www.bathintime.co.uk/lowres/51/main/2/189427.jpg http://img.listal.com/image/293731/600full-ralph-waldo-emerson.jpg http://www.ineedmotivation.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/md68what-lies-behind-us-ralph-waldo-emerson-posters.jpg http://studentsforliberty.org/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/Thoreau1.jpg http://positiveblatherings.files.wordpress.com/2010/05/m113happiness-henry-david-thoreau-posters.jpg http://www.masshist.org/periodicals/images/Brook_Farm_Rainbow.jpg http://www.toptenz.net/wp-content/uploads/2010/05/Brook-Farm-engraving.jpg http://amhist.ist.unomaha.edu/module_files/brookfarm.jpg http://sidneyrigdon.com/dbroadhu/IL/1840morm.jpg http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_K-T-w4tYTSo/TB-E6heikJI/AAAAAAAADW0/L-g0eKXS9rc/s1600/New+Harmony.jpg http://faculty.polytechnic.org/gfeldmeth/Shakers_Dancing.jpg http://sampottsatfreeunit.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/new_harmony_vision.jpg http://www2.hu-berlin.de/sexology/ATLAS_EN/assets/images/047a.jpg http://americancivilwar.com/pictures/Fourierism.jpg http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/photos/assets/photos/1144.jpg http://www.boisestate.edu/socwork/dhuff/us/images/6-18750-99/temperance-1870.jpg http://www.librarycompany.org/ArdentSpirits/Temperance-ManPursued.JPG

28. Works Cited Boyer, Paul S. The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People. 6th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2008. Print. Gale, J. T. "What Is the Antebellum Period?" WiseGEEK: Clear Answers for Common Questions. WiseGEEK, 3 Aug. 2010. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-the-antebellum-period.htm>. Newman, John J., and John M. Schmalbach. United States History: Preparing for the Advanced Placement Examination. New York, NY: Amsco School Publications, 1998. United States History. "The Second Great Awakening." United States History. Online Highways. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1091.html>. United States History. "The Temperance Movement." United States History. Web. 30 Nov. 2010. <http://www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1054.html>. Z93. "Pursuit of Perfection - Radical Ideas & Experiments | Fourier Phalanxes | Event View." Xtimeline - Explore and Create Free Timelines. Xtimeline, 2008-2009. Web. 28 Nov. 2010. <http://www.xtimeline.com/evt/view.aspx?id=683959>.