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Review for Nutrient Cycles and Climate Change

Review for Nutrient Cycles and Climate Change. Leeward and Windward side of a mountain. Describe how much rain an area gets Windward- side facing the wind, more moisture Leeward- drier side, usually results in a rain shadow desert. El Nino.

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Review for Nutrient Cycles and Climate Change

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  1. Review for Nutrient Cycles and Climate Change

  2. Leeward and Windward side of a mountain • Describe how much rain an area gets • Windward- side facing the wind, more moisture • Leeward- drier side, usually results in a rain shadow desert

  3. El Nino El Niño events (also ENSO) occur every 2-7 years, lasting for 1,1 1/2years. East-west trade winds weaken and eastern Pacific waters warm! Tropical rainfall shifts from Indonesia to South America. Floods in Peru; Droughts and fires in Indonesia and Australia. Upwelling at South American coast-line is suppressed. Natural.

  4. Carbon • Reservoirs • atmosphere • Ocean • Rocks • Soil • Fossil fuels

  5. Assimilation • Photosynthesis Cycling predation weathering erosion

  6. Loss • Respiration • Decomposition • Forest fires • Burning of fossil fuels • Volcanic eruptions • Can contribute to cooling of the atmosphere due to blocking the suns rays

  7. Nitrogen • Reservoirs: • air, • soil, • ocean. • Assimilation: • nitrogen fixation, • lightning, • industry (50%).

  8. Cycling: • internal • erosion and runoff • sea spray • Usually plants first. • Ruminants have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their stomachs that prove50% of N.

  9. Loss • Denitrification • Marine sedimentation

  10. Phosphorus • Reservoir • Phosphates of Ca, K, Mg, Fe • Found in bat guanp Cycling to ocean (soluble form or suspension) ocean feeding birds (guano deposits) Upwellings (winds push surface water away from land, exposing deeper, nutrient rich water) Uplifting of sedimentary rock

  11. Loss • Ocean sedimentation Limiting factors insoluble, hard to break down, falls into the sedimentary cycle doesn’t have a gaseous state moves through the environment very slowly

  12. Sulfur • Reservoirs • Rock • Soil Available reservoirs air below ground Assimilation Root uptake Gaseous uptake

  13. Cycling • Litter fall (to ground) • Root leakage Loss to streams to atmosphere Human contribution burning coal and oil smelting ore

  14. Temperate shrub landChaparral • Found • Mediterranean • Southern California • Chile • South Africa Climate if wetter than usual fires result

  15. Climate change • Mean global temperature increased 0.5◦C • Positive feedback • positive feedback loop or mechanism is when an action causes a reaction • the reaction causes more of the action • which in turn causes more reaction, and so forth.

  16. One of the positive feedback mechanisms already affecting global warming is due to the fact that when the atmosphere is warm • it holds more water vapor, which is considered to be a greenhouse gas. • As more water vapor is held in the atmosphere, the temperature increases due to its influence • the increase in temperature allows even more water vapor to be held in the atmosphere.

  17. Example • Melting of artic ice • Adds water vapor

  18. Greenhouse Gases

  19. Carbon Dioxide • Constitutes 76% of the greenhouse gases • Source • Respiration • Burning fossil fuels • Deforest planet

  20. Methane • Constitutes 13% of the greenhouse gases • Sources • Byproduct of anaerobic respiration of bacteria • Animal belches • Animal waste

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