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A post-fact society?. How do we know what we know (again)? Attitudes and beliefs Four categories of beliefs. A post-fact society?. How do we know what we know (again)? Five kinds of beliefs. A post-fact society. Links between the psychological and the social
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A post-fact society? • How do we know what we know (again)? • Attitudes and beliefs • Four categories of beliefs
A post-fact society? • How do we know what we know (again)? • Five kinds of beliefs
A post-fact society • Links between the psychological and the social • Perception, cognition, and knowledge • Operator game • Fallibility of eyewitness testimony • A general lack of
A post-fact society • Science under attack! • One person’s fact… • The challenge of a 24-hour media culture • Manipulating images and information to distort or mislead
There’s a niche for everyone! • More niches than ever before • We can indulge our biases • We can confirm existing beliefs • But more connections can lead to less information! • “closeted view of the world” • “seeking out others who share our view”
Selective exposure • Cognitive dissonance • Selective exposure, defined • Brock and Balloun experiment • We’re not just limited to those who share our geographic location… • Not just the “hard” news… • Not just information, but people, too!
Selective exposure • of the message • Lowin’s experiment, and who is more picky • Weak and strong consonant messages • Weak and strong dissonant messages • harbor greater partisan selectivity in their news sources • Right-leaning blogs tend to cite other right-leaning blogs. Left-leaning blogs are more open… • It’s not that Liberals don’t…
From war hero to “unfit for command” • Creating a competing narrative • Using media fragmentation • Social networks to spread information
Swift boat veterans for truth? • Democrats and Republicans viewed the ads in different ways • Two competing versions of reality! • “Shared truths” • Limited exposure to these messages to the “believers”
Swift boat veterans for truth? • Why? • 1st article appeared 3 months after the 1st press conference • Front door and other doors…
Why did it work? • Going to outlets where you were more likely to reach those who already agree with your message • Selective exposure and ignoring the “facts” • The future • 501 (c) (3) • 501 (c) (4)