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Canada in “The Great Depression” The Causes of the Great Depression in Canada

Canada in “The Great Depression” The Causes of the Great Depression in Canada. Canada and the Great Depression Canada: * Mackenzie King and RB Bennett * The Great Depression: political and economic causes in the Americas. King – Do nothing / Comeback kid Bennett – “Bennett New Deal”

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Canada in “The Great Depression” The Causes of the Great Depression in Canada

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  1. Canada in “The Great Depression”The Causes of the Great Depression in Canada

  2. Canada and the Great DepressionCanada: * Mackenzie King and RB Bennett* The Great Depression: political and economic causes in the Americas King – Do nothing / Comeback kid Bennett – “Bennett New Deal” Combustion Engine Workers camps Wheat, Paper, Cars

  3. Prior to Depression

  4. Canada 1920’s Background • 1921-23 Recession • Pulp and paper • 35% tariff on cars • Workforce coping • Bound to US economy

  5. Depression Life: Similar to US

  6. “The Dust Bowl”

  7. Causes of the Canadian – Great Depression • Over Production and Expansion • Dependence on Commodity Exports • Dependence on the United States • High Tariffs • Too Much Credit • The Dust Bowl

  8. William Lyon Mackenzie King

  9. “Black Tuesday” CRASH!!!

  10. As the depression carried on, 1 in 5 Canadians became dependent on government relief. • Approximately ¼ (25%) of the population was unemployed • Current Unemployment Rate in Canada 6-8%

  11. The Dirty 30’s • Canada’s economy relied heavily on exports to other countries • European economies were still weakened by the effects of WWI • Overdependence on the United States as a market and a source of investment funds

  12. The Political Response - King Do nothing! • Balance the budget and slash spending "Not a five cent piece" to any Conservative provincial government But had to face election…

  13. Richard Bedford Bennett, July 1930

  14. THE FAMOUS QUOTE • “May help progressive governments in Manitoba or Alberta but would not give any Tory government as much as a five cent piece.”

  15. Bennett at Work • Raised Tariffs (Smoot Hawley) • Unemployment Relief • Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Act

  16. Bennett’s New Deal • Raises tariffs, force trading partners to make deals • GB caves and gives Canada special treatment in apples, wheat, lumber • US Signs treaty to limit its own tariffs on Canada – mutually beneficial reduction in tariffs

  17. Relief Camps

  18. 1935 • Regina Riot • On-to-Ottawa Trek

  19. Decline of Bennett • Rebirth of King

  20. McKenzie King Returns • Bennett’s New Deal declared Unconstitutional • Relief Programs • Nationalizes:

  21. Rowell-Sirois Report • Attempts at providing relief during the Depression were exacerbated by legal issues over the division of power between the national and provincial governments under the BNAA. • Royal Commission on Dominion-Provincial Relations 1937.1940 recommendations: • Found that provincial responsibility for health, education, and welfare had grown beyond the capacity of some provinces • Federal government should take over taxation authority and provide the provincial governments income through grants • Federal government should take responsibility for retirement pensions and unemployment insurance.

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