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Kurt Lewin

Kurt Lewin. “If you want to truly understand something, try to change it.” - Kurt Lewin. Authors: Karilyn Bufka, Carla Cluley, William Mckinley, Jessica Riley. Lewin's Philosphy.

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Kurt Lewin

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  1. Kurt Lewin “If you want to truly understand something, try to change it.” - Kurt Lewin Authors: Karilyn Bufka, Carla Cluley, William Mckinley, Jessica Riley

  2. Lewin's Philosphy "The individual accepts the new system of values and beliefs by accepting belongingness to a group.... The chances for [successful] reeducation seem to be increased whenever a strong we-feeling is created. . . . It is basic for reeducation that this linkage between acceptance of new facts or values and acceptance of certain of certain groups or roles is very intimate and that the second frequently is a prerequisite for the first." (Psychologist and Their Theories for Students, 2005)

  3. Lewin's Background • Born in Mogilno, Prussia in 1890 • Immigrated to the US after Hitler took power in 1933 •  Considered the "father of social psychology" • Died from a heat attack at age 56  (Psychologist and Their Theories for Students, 2005)

  4. Lewin & Nursing • Lewin studied human behavior and what influences it • Nursing is the practice of caring for individuals, groups, or communities • How are they related? • Lewin's theory helps nurses to assess a patient's barriers to change, how to help the patient become more accepting to the change, and ultimately completing the change • Nursing is a continual effort to help maintain health in populations and change is almost always required to do so

  5. Lewin's theory was greatly influenced by his personal life • Lewin immigrated to the US because of Hitler's reign • He did not agree with Hitler's regime and his practices (Lewin's mother was sent to a concentration camp and later died there) • A theory of change was needed to help change the beliefs and behaviors of the individuals and groups in the defeated Axis • The Allies wished for the Axis populations to become democratic societies and never return to dictatorship (Psychologist and Their Theories for Students, 2005)

  6. Lewin's Change Theory "Unfreezing" - interventions to let go of old habits; this is similar to creating a care plan for a patient in nursing http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/change_theory.html

  7. Lewin's Change Theory "Movement" • Thoughts • Feelings • Behaviors Facilitates actions towards a goal because they are more productive http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/change_theory.html

  8. Lewin's Change Theory "Refreezing" - complying with the new behavior; without this it is easy to go back to previous habits http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/change_theory.html

  9. Driving Forces - things that motivate the person to change Restraining Forces - things that hold people back from change Equilibrium - when driving forces and restraining forces are equal, no change occurs; a shift in either pushes the person towards change or staying the same http://currentnursing.com/nursing_theory/change_theory.html

  10. Interpretation & Inference Implications & Consequences The effect Lewin's theory has had on nursing practice is the Change theory. For example:"The driving forces are the change agents who push employees in the direction of change. The resistant forces are employees or nurses who do not want the proposed change. For this theory to be successful, the driving force must dominate the resistant force." People, behavior, and their environment are interrelated. All aspects of nursing need to be compiled for a solution or change to occur. Oguejiofo, N. (2012). Change theories in nursing. Retrieved from eHOW: http://www.ehow.com/about_5544426_change-theories-nursing.html#ixzz1m06C3rGH

  11. Unique to Nursing "The central factors to be considered if one wishes to transform a nondemocratic group into a democratic one are ideology, the character of its members, and the locus of coercive physical power within the group. Although coercive physical power is thus not the only factor to be considered, Lewin warns against the naive belief in the goodness of human nature, which overlooks the fact that ideology itself cannot be changed by teaching and moral suasion alone. It can be done only by a change in the distribution of coercive physical power. But he also warns that democratic behavior cannot be learned by autocratic methods. The members of the group must at least feel that the procedures are "democratic"." "Lewin, Kurt (1890-1947)." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 29 Jan. 2012.

  12. Lewin's Great Influence ž It is probable that Lewin had the greatest influence on the development of American Psychology than any other émigré of the Hitler era. ž ž ž "Kurt Lewin." Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 29 Jan. 2012.

  13. Lewin's Great Influence Con't • žLewin was one of the first to apply laboratory techniques to everyday behavior • žAlways formulating a problem in terms of a theory to be tested in experiments. • žExperiments in turn bringing about advances in theory. "Kurt Lewin." Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 29 Jan. 2012.

  14. Examples of Lewin’s Theory žLewin compared his global theory against Bluam Zeigarniks memory for tasks that were completed and tasks that were left incomplete (1927). It began with Lewin's observation that a waiter in a restaurant could repeat a long list of items until he had served an order, but a few minutes later could hardly recall any of them. Zeigarnik's laboratory demonstration of the advantage for memory of tasks that were interrupted before they were finished played an important part in the development of Lewin concepts. "Kurt Lewin." Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 29 Jan. 2012.

  15. Case Studies 1. Six months after having open heart surgery, Joe reports to the RN at his cardiologist's office that he has cut his sodium intake down from 4.5 grams to 2 grams per day. What phase of the force fields analysis is Joe experiencing?

  16. Case Studies 2. Sue is being discharged home from the hospital after being treated for COPD. She tells the RN that she can't quit smoking because she lives with her husband and son who both smoke. What is Sue stating?

  17. Case Studies 3. Kelly, RN tells her co-workers that she is excited to start training classes for the new EMR. She says that she has used a different system at another facility and thinks that it benefits both the patient and the staff. What is Kelly experiencing?

  18. Case Studies 4. Nancy is an RN working with Kate who had a knee replacement the day before. Nancy tells Kate that she is to have PT at noon, so it would be best to take pain medicine at 11:00. She also discusses with Kate the need to take pain medication and Coumadin after discharge. What phase are Kate and Nancy in?

  19. References Bozak, M.G., (2003) Using Lewin's force field analysis in implementing a nursing information system. CIN: Computers, Infomatics, Nursing, 21(2) 80-85. Retrieved from http://journals.lww.com/cinjournal "Kurt Lewin." Dictionary of American Biography. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1974. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 29 Jan. 2012. Lewin, K. (2008) [1946]. Resolving social conflicts & Field theory in social science. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association. http://www.tavinstitute.org/lectures_and_presentations/uncategorized/field-theory-rule/ "Lewin, Kurt (1890-1947)." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. Gale Biography In Context. Web. 29 Jan. 2012. "Lewin, Kurt." Psychologists and Their Theories for Students. Ed. Kristine Krapp. Vol 2. Detroit: Gale, 2005. 279-302. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 8 Feb. 2012. Oguejiofo, N. (2012). Change theories in nursing. Retrieved from eHOW: http://www.ehow.com/about_5544426_change-theories-nursing.html#ixzz1m06C3rGH Neumann, J. E. (2005). ‘Kurt Lewin at the Tavistock Institute’. Educational Action Research, 13(1), 119-136. doi:10.1080/09650790500200271

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