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Green Economy Standards: International Experience

Green Economy Standards: International Experience. Niccolò Lombardi Project Manager , KnowlEdge Srl Astana, 13/11/2013. Contents. Buildings Transport Manufacturing and Green Supply Chains Challenges Next Steps. Introduction Organic Agriculture Forestry

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Green Economy Standards: International Experience

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  1. Green Economy Standards: International Experience Niccolò Lombardi Project Manager, KnowlEdgeSrl Astana, 13/11/2013

  2. Contents Buildings Transport Manufacturing and Green Supply Chains Challenges Next Steps • Introduction • Organic Agriculture • Forestry • Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency • Tourism • Fisheries

  3. 1. Introduction “A standard is a document that provides requirements, specifications, guidelines or characteristics that can be used consistently to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose”. International Organization for Standardization Standards are unseen forces that ensure that things work properly. European Commission

  4. 1. Introduction • Why are standards important for the GE transition? • A well-designed standardization framework can create rights and incentives that drive green economic activity, remove barriers to green investments, increase the confidence of investors and markets, and regulate the most harmful forms of unsustainable behaviour, either by creating minimum standards or prohibiting certain activities entirely. • Standards informconsumers about products and production processes, and create or strengthen demand for sustainable products.

  5. 1. Introduction Compliance with standards can be: • Voluntary, e.g. one or more firms taking voluntary action themselves, usually consisting of nonbinding commitments to standards or principles. • Mandated by Law, i.e. establishment of laws, regulations and standards as the formal enactment of targets, to ensure enforcement and compliance.

  6. 1. Introduction ISO 14000 Family of Standards • Environmental Management Systems (ISO 14001) • Environmental Declarations (ISO 14025) • Environmental Labelling (ISO 14020, ISO 14021, ISO 14024) • Life Cycle Assessment (ISO 14040; ISO 14044) NB: Although all ISO standards are developed as voluntary standards, many are eventually cited in legislation.

  7. 1. Introduction .

  8. 2. Organic Agriculture EU Organic Farming . Fairtrade International IFOAM Standard • Key EU Organic Farming principles include, among others: • Wide crop rotation. • Limits on chemical synthetic pesticide and synthetic fertiliser use. • Prohibition of the use of genetically modified organisms. • Taking advantage of on-site resources. • Choosing resistant plant and animal species. • Raising livestock in free-range, open-air systems.

  9. 2. Organic Agriculture Organic market global revenues Source: UNEP, 2013 • More than 80 percent of the producers are in developing countries and emerging markets. • Demand is concentrated in North America and Europe.

  10. 2. Organic Agriculture Bosnia and Herzegovina – Projected impact of organic certification Source: UNEP

  11. 3. Forestry Programme for the endorsement of Forest Certification Sustainable Forestry Initiative Forest Stewardship Council . • FSC Principles and requirements include, among others, • Carry out environmental impact assessments. • Respect of legal and customary rights of indigenous people. • Maintain or enhance socio-economic well being of forest workers.

  12. 3. Forestry Certified forest area • Expansion of the market for certified wood, driven mostly by demand in US and EU. • By May 2012, the global area of certified forest amounted to about 400 million hectares, approximately 10% of global forest area. Source: UNEP, 2013

  13. 4. Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency Minimnum Energy Performance Standards ISO Standards: More than 150 related to RE&EE Volunatry Carbon Standard • MEPS – Products meet set levels for energy performance before they can be sold to consumers. • ISO Standards on processes involved throughout the supply chain of renewable energy (incl. bioenergy, solar, wind). • ISO Carbon Footprint Standard: principles, requirements and guidelines for the quantification and communication of the carbon footprint of a product (CFP).

  14. 4. Renewable Energy & Energy Efficiency • ISO 50001:2011, Energy management systems: It is estimated that the standard can influence up to 60% of the world’s energy use. Benefits reported by, among others: Bentley, Coca-Cola, Delta Electronics in China, etc. • Manufacturing of renewable energy supply products according to international standards is an exanding sector in developing countries (e.g. solar-thermal manufacturers).

  15. 5. Tourism European Ecotourism Labeling Standard Blue Flag Global Sustainability Tourism Criteria TourCert • GSTC include, for example: • Energy and water efficienct infrastructure and management practices. • Employment of local residents and purchase of local goods, where available. • Code of Conduct for activities in indigenous and local communities. • No captive wildlife is held, except for properly regulated activities.

  16. 5. Tourism Blue Flag Certification • Increase of certified tourism activities across countries. • 15 standards have been Recognized as aligned with the Global Sustainable Tourism Criteria for hotels and tour operators (harmonization). Source: UNEP, 2013

  17. 6. Fisheries Friend of the Sea Marine Stewardship Council • MSC Principles include, among others: • Maintenance and re-establishment of healthy populations of targeted species. • Maintenance of the integrity of ecosystems. • Minimize operational waste. • Use fishing gear and practices designed to avoid the capture of non-target species. • Compliance with regulations (e.g. TAC, IUU, FOC etc.)

  18. 6. Fisheries MSC Certification • 200 Certified fisheries. • Over 7 million metric tonnes of seafood (8% of total wild capture harvest). • More than 19,500 seafood products.

  19. 7. Buildings LEED Green Buildings Certification ISO Standards: More than 100 related to Buildings • ISO Standards cover a wide range of issues related to the environment, e.g.: • Thermal insulation • Heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems • Sustainable building materials

  20. 7. Buildings Global Green Building Activity by Firm • The green building market is not isolated to one particular region, economic condition or culture (McGraw Hill, 2013)

  21. 8. Transport • EU Fuel efficiency standards • EU rules establishing fleet-average emissions targets of 95g CO2 per kilometer for passenger cars and 175g CO2 per kilometer for light commercial vehicles • US EPA 2016 Standards for light-duty vehicles • Other fuel and CO2 emissions standards at the national level

  22. 8. Transport Fuel Economy Standards for New Passenger Vehicles by Country • Fuel economy standards are becoming tighter worldwide. Source: ICCT, 2009

  23. 9. Manufacturing and Green Supply Chains ISO 14001 and 14040 Family of Standards, among others Ecolabel and other certification schemes on green supply chains • Key principles of ISO standards • The ISO 14001 standards guide companies through the adoption of sustainable processes and technologies, e.g. for industrial waste and wastewater disposal, use of natural resources, CO2 emissions, energy use. • The ISO 14040 standards give guidelines on the principles and conduct of LCA studies that provide an organization with information on how to reduce the overall environmental impact of its products and services.

  24. 9. Manufacturing and Green Supply Chains As of 2009, there were over 230,000 companies in 159 countries with ISO 14001 certified environmental management standards. Source: UNEP, 2013

  25. 10. Challenges • High upfront cost of compliance with standards and certification schemes, especially for small-scale producers/companies in developing countries. • Use of standards as a protectionist measure, or to provide undue advantage to demestic providers. • Lack of R&D capacity in developing countries.

  26. 11. Next steps • Harmonizing standards, or promoting their equivalence across countries, e.g. product carbon footprint standards. • Engaging developing countries in the international standard-setting process. • Training and skill enhancement programmes. • Designing policies to provide financial support and incentives to green businesses in developing countries. • Quantifying economic benefits of environmental standards and certification schemes.

  27. Thank you!For more information you can find me at:niccolo.lombardi@ke-srl.com

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