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Charles I (r. 1625-1649) and the Fall of Absolutism

Charles I (r. 1625-1649) and the Fall of Absolutism . Complaints against the king Controlled by Pope Too “tax happy” Kings lieutenants are exceeding their power Merchants cannot trade freely Divisions within society Religious divisions Puritans Arminians Class divisions

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Charles I (r. 1625-1649) and the Fall of Absolutism

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  1. Charles I (r. 1625-1649) and the Fall of Absolutism • Complaints against the king • Controlled by Pope • Too “tax happy” • Kings lieutenants are exceeding their power • Merchants cannot trade freely • Divisions within society • Religious divisions • Puritans • Arminians • Class divisions • Parliament supporters: “Country,” poor • King supporters: court, titled nobles

  2. Divisions within Parliament • 1625: forced loans on landowners w/o Parliament consent • 1626: jails those who do not comply with loans • 1628: Petition of Right passed • 1629: Parliament dissolved • 1634: Ship Tax • 1637: forced Prayer Book on Scotland • Scots rebel • 1639: Forced London to pay for war • Parliament will, only if they can reconvene • 1640: Parliament reconvened, refused to pay, and are dissolved again

  3. Beginnings of the English Civil War • Parliament refuses to pass laws • Charles calls the army in • Sides • Cavaliers • Roundheads • War of words

  4. Parliament triumphs • Battle of Marston Moore • Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army • Divisions within Parliament • 1. religious • Presbyterians • Independents • 2. reformers • Levellers • Diggers • Death of the King

  5. Restoration of the Monarchy • Government of Oliver Cromwell (r. 1649-1658) • Domestic policy • Foreign policy • Charles II (r. 1661-1685) • Navigation Acts • Dutch Wars • Colonization of US and Canada • James II (r. 1685-1688) • Resurgence of Catholicism • Glorious Revolution

  6. The English Bill of Rights, 1688 • Handed to William and Mary (r. 1688-1702) • Limitations on the crown • Role Parliament plays • Implications for the future

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