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Thursday 5-3-12

Thursday 5-3-12. Finish covalent bonding lab Macromolecule notes Homework: Organic Compound WS Finish covalent bonding lab Conclusion questions. Biological Macromolecules. Six Major Elements . C Carbon H Hydrogen N Nitrogen O Oxygen P Phosphorus S Sulfur.

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Thursday 5-3-12

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  1. Thursday 5-3-12 • Finish covalent bonding lab • Macromolecule notes Homework: • Organic Compound WS • Finish covalent bonding lab Conclusion questions.

  2. Biological Macromolecules

  3. Six Major Elements • C Carbon • H Hydrogen • N Nitrogen • O Oxygen • P Phosphorus • S Sulfur

  4. FOUR Macromolecules POLYMERMONOMER Carbohydrates monosaccharides Proteins amino acids Lipids (fats) glycerol and fatty acids Nucleic Acids nucleotide

  5. What is a Polymer? • Polymers are made up of many, many molecules all strung together to form really long chains. • The properties of polymers really reflect what's going on at the ultra-tiny (molecular) level. • Function is a result of Structure! • Things that are made of polymers look, feel, and act depending on how their atoms and molecules are connected! Some are rubbery, some are sticky and gooey, and some are hard and tough.

  6. What is a Monomer? • The molecules that make up the polymers • Mono means "one". • So, monomers are those itty bitty molecules that can join together to make a long polymer chain.

  7. Examples of Polymers

  8. Carbohydrates • Made of C, H, O (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen) • Provide energy for living systems • Carbohydrates include simple sugars (which are monomers for more complex carbohydrates) • Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose • Carbohydrates also include complex carbohydrates (polymers) such as Starch and Cellulose

  9. Sucrose is actually a disacharide • There are 4 Calories per gram of carbohydrate. • Carbohydrates usually end in the suffix “-ose” • Glucose + Fructose Sucrose + H2O

  10. Carbohydrates are long strands of sugars connected together. • Animals store starch as Glycogen. • Plants store starch as Cellulose

  11. Proteins • Meat, soy, nuts, & Beans have a lot of protein. • Proteins provide structure to living organisms • Help make reactions occur (enzymes) • Proteins contain 4 Calories per gram They also contain a carboxyl group Made up of carbon, oxygen, & a hydroxide (OH) group. Proteins Contain an Amino Group Made up of a nitrogen & 2 hydrogens.

  12. Amino acids that make up proteins

  13. Monomers bonding to make polymers(Amino Acids bonding to make proteins.)

  14. Lipids • Fats & oils • Provides long term energy storage, insulation & cushioning • Major component of the cell membrane

  15. Lipids • Made of glycerol and three fatty acids 9 Calories per gram! 3 Fatty acid groups Made up of 2 oxygens attached to a chain of hydrocarbons.. Glycerol Backbone Made up of Carbons, Hydrogens, and Oxygens. (CHO)

  16. Nucleic Acids • Two types DNA and RNA • The monomers are nucleotides which combine to form the DNA or RNA • Hold genetic information within their structure. Nitrogenous Base Made up of nitrogen, carbon, & hydrogen Phosphate Group (PO4) Sugar (Cn H2n On )

  17. All of these Polymers work together to make up living organisms.

  18. Identify the following macromolecule. • Lipid

  19. Identify the following macromolecule. • Protein

  20. Identify the following macromolecule. • Nucleic Acid

  21. Identify the following macromolecule. • Hints: • its name is Lactose • Made up of only Carbons, Hydrogens, & oxygen. • Carbohydrate

  22. Make a Glucose Molecule (monomer) • Using colored marshmallows and toothpicks you will create a glucose molecule. • Choose a color to be Carbon (6) Choose a color to be Hydrogen (12) Choose a color to be Oxygen (6) • You will need toothpicks as well. • Construct a glucose molecule following the directions on your note sheet.

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